Jack Sully: West Rivers one and only, Robin Hood,
and cattle rustler.
For those of you who've read my book, , West River
you'll find that Jack Soli casts a long shadow across all of the Midwest.
We first encounter him as a friend of young Jakob
Harman in the late 1860s and 70s in western Nebraska southwestern South Dakota
and Colorado when a young Jack Soli was stealing horses from the Utes and work
for that early pioneer rancher in Southwest South Dakota and Eastern Wyoming,
E. W. Whitcomb.
Thereafter we find mention of Jack Sully and his
partner Jack Kincaid as cowboys who trailed beef North to the Rosebud
reservation and a news article Bee wherein it is described how those cowboys
could trail I heard and across the wide Missouri with them.
Before the turn-of-the-century we find Jack Selle
and Jack Kincaid and Charles makes County were Jack Selle has taken and white
wife and been elected Sheriff.
Jack Kincaid dies and Jack Selle marries his widow
and raises Kincaid's family together with his own and is found as a woodcutter
and supplier of words for steamboats plying the Missouri River at his
headquarters on an island in the river just north of the mouth of the Whetstone
in Gregory County South Dakota.
From there we traced Sully rustling enterprises up
and down the Missouri River from Nebraska to Fargo to St. Paul and Canada.
Since the publication of that book, West River I
have found to articles that best flesh out in more detail just kind what kind
of a man was. These articles shed the life on his friends, travels and his
death when shot and killed in Gregory County South Dakota.
Since the articles are so explicit I have taken the
liberty of quoting directly from them only to say that Jack Selle must have
been a Robin Hood to have treated young Thomas Lyons as he did on their train
ride from St. Paul to Chicago when Thomas Lyons was 16 and a soon-to-be student
at the University of Notre Dame.
The second article gives a vivid account of the last
ride Sully. In the light of this article one wonders why the posses that was
made up of cattlemen shot Jack Soli from ambush firing 40 rounds when he was
only 100 yards away.
In researching Jack Selle and other stories of West
River I came to the conclusion that most of these men all boldly rolled a vast
area from Kansas and Nebraska Texas north to Canada and from Colorado to
Chicago new each other very well.
In visiting with Dick Casey who was then president
of this South Dakota State Bar he described that unique South Dakota fact as
Dakota Timothy.
So it is that I have used is definition throughout
this article. Here is how he and his friend Rich Gary described this historical
phenomena:
Dakotativity
Hi John! You have a really good memory to even recall
the conversation! Your email was
forwarded to me from my office as I am currently on sabbatical until July.
The term is above and was actually
coined by my old college roommate, Rich Garry.
Then Rich & I collaborated on the definition of the theory, which
is: "everyone from South Dakota
knows everyone else, at least collaterally."
I am flattered that you are using
that theory in your history! I hope you
are doing well!
Dick
Casey
If you look long enough in Dakota you will find a
kindred thread that binds events and your story together into a related event
or person, or both.
Dakotativity foretells that nearly every early
trespasser on the Sioux Nation’s domain that remained to statehood would have
had past associations and troubles that would portend future problems and
violent events.
Permit me to illustrate how Dakota today spans not
only people but events times places and yes even centuries.
My aunt Geraldine Simpson was married to John
Maloney both lived in Madison South Dakota the home County of the Lyons family.
John gave me a book of essays after I had given him
a copy of my book West River. The book of essays was written by one of his
ancestors in the Lyons family namely Thomas the Lyons. It was a book of essays
about the Lyons family settling in northeastern Lake County South Dakota and
add Redstone now Carthage South Dakota.
Imagine my surprise when I read about young
16-year-old Thomas D Lyons being admitted to go to college at Notre Dame in
Indiana and is travels to get their including being put in the personal care of
Jack Sully from the train ride to St. Paul to Chicago.
It not only proves the theory of Dakota Tiffany it
also shows that Jack Selle was indeed also a Robin Hood area
But let the essay itself tell its story:
“After saying the home farewells at Redstone, I went
with my father to the big place and hits up the Bronx to the book board. As I
stepped into the book board my father remarked that he supposed that I knew
that times were hard and handed me an envelope which was found to contain 10
one dollar bills. Three nights after that at 10 PM uncle will came into the
caboose of the stock strain on the Chicago Pewaukee and St. Paul to say
goodbye. He deposited a big pasteboard box which contained about 5 pounds of
magnificent Dakota Rose Tam and two loaves of bread. The other stockman in the
caboose making the trip to Chicago were all acquaintances of this, and one
short, wiry man with a thick gray mustache seemed to be a particular friend.
This gentleman was the famed Jack Selle from for rental and uncle will place
the under his special protection. When uncle will shook hands saying goodbye a
piece of paper stuck to my hand and turned out to be a $10 bill.
But my farewells were not quite finished Mr. Kuhn
Kotzpaughkm spell that K bowl TZP a and this was presented to may on the theory
that I made it to keep warm in the book which sick caboose deluxe provided. As
I prepared to stretch out on the book one of the stockman said that he never
laid down for fear of crawlers. But Mr. Sully told beta go-ahead that the
speakers true reason for not lying down was an intense preoccupation with cards
and whiskey. I woke up feeling fine and rested at six o'clock the next morning
crossing Minnesota and a one o'clock in the afternoon our train stopped at the
cross with scouts and with the announcement from the conductor that we all had
time to eat the famous turkey dinner at the great lacrosse railroad dining
room. I sat down next to Mr. Sully and we had just barely started on the turkey
cranberries and dressing when the brakeman came into the dining room swearing
his ladder and shouting for all the cattle buyers to turn out at once as orders
were changed in our train was pulling out of the station. Mr. Sully's coolness
did not desert him even if I was a bit excited. He sees up to sections of the
Sunday paper which I had bought and made to generous bundles of that turkey
dressing and cranberries giving me want to carry. When he got out onto the
platform are freight train was moving at a slow pace of the station yards. Mr.
Sully and once advised may that the train would be moving too fast for us to
board the caboose and that we must run over the tops of the cars. I have then
they hesitated for Mr. Selle said all it's nothing at all here and he at once
unlocked his beautiful worked leather and silver belt. Climb out walk ahead of
you hang onto my belt I won't let go. Don't look down and look straight add at
me
Mr. Sully was a man who spontaneously exuded
confidence. Under his generalship we reach the caboose safely and entered
through the cupola. Even when running across the top train I had involuntarily
admired Mr. Seles beautiful belt. When the United States marshals pussy shot
Mr. Sully dad at his home near for Randall three months before my graduation at
Notre Dame a rifle bought one through that beautiful belt. The federal parties
claim the Jack Selle had gone into the enterprise of international cattle
rustling a violation of federal statute. Uncle will always stoutly defended his
friends reputation and claimed the checks was the victim of a conspiracy on the
part of rival cattle interests who had political pull sufficient to cause the
issuance of a warrant for his arrest
We reach Chicago on Monday morning at eight o'clock
and that afternoon I entered Notre Dame post Lonesome boy East of the
Mississippi River. “
Notwithstanding all the made-up stories concerning
Jack Soli his hideouts Tamils and mountain areas perhaps the following article
from the Norfork Nebraska newspaper might best recount the life and death
Sully.
The Norfolk Weekly New Journal May
27, 1904
Story told by five-year-old son (
Claude Sully) who saw it all.
Was shot down like a rabbit .
Tithe
veteran cattle rustler was told by Ben diamond to flee mounting his faithful
horse, he rode away only to be shot down.
The tragic
killing of the veteran cattle rustler , Jack Sully, which it occurred at his
home on the Rosebud reservation was even more tragic than was shown in the telegraphic reports which
came from Chamberlain South Dakota.
D.H..
Thomas, editor of the new Northwest, was in Norfolk yesterday from Naper,
Nebraska., and sent to the news the story of the final act in that theater of
frontier life as taken by old Jack.
The
white-haired pioneer of the plains was
shot down in the full site of his little children while they stood watching in
the doorway and waiting for a wave of their father’s hand as he disappeared
down the ravine , a wave to tell them
goodbye. That wave never came for as they stood watching their father gallop
away, there suddenly came a crackling of rifles from the hidden second ravine
that ran alongside, and their father, old Jack, sank back in his saddle, reeled
in the saddle a little later and
fell to the ground, to die.
Trick in
catching Sully.
Although
Jack Sully was a recognized rustler of cattle are on the plains , he was
nevertheless an honorable man in his way and was above all never small and or cowardly.
Despite this
fact, however, he was tricked by the Stockman of the County when they killed
him trapped by a game which gave him no chance and was given no chance even to surrender.
The story
which was told by Mr. Thomas was given him by a five-year-old son, a key level
fellow who knew nothing but the truth to relate the real story of the manner in
which his father was shot. He was without deliberate prejudice and his tale of
tragedy is touching to a degree.
The men
after Sully were Stockman deputized by United States Marshal Petrie, the warrant issued for the arrest of the old rustler came from the United
States office at Chamberlain .
At the Ben diamond Ranch the crowd stopped on
Sunday. Riding onto the Sully home Ben
diamond accompanied them.
A number of
the men concealed themselves in the ravine just east of the house, including
Harry Hamm, Dave Deputy Sheriff Irish and others.
Then Diamond
rode up to the house and spoke to Sully, “Petrie’s coming,” said he “and you
better run.” Believing that the neighbor
spoke in good faith Sully jumped on his fine saddle horse and started out down the ravine
directly past the spot which hid his slayers.
Not a
challenge.
As he is
passed the spot ( where Hamm and others
were hidden) there was not a noise nor a
rustle nor a sign of the men.
The children
stood in the doorway watching every leap of faithful steed as
he carried their father to his death.
Suddenly
there was a sharp report of a rifle ,then another, and then a rapid fire
followed. Petrie was north of the house, watching the gate. It was not more than 100 yards to the house
(from where the shots rang out). The old rider was struck with a bullet through
his back. He made no attempt to pull a gun. Falling over to one side, his heel
caught the saddle.
The posse
kept on firing, two shots struck the
horse. The horse, frightened and wounded started up the hill with his master
hanging at the side. Another bullet whizzed
through the air and landed in the horse’s side. The animal staggered,
hesitated and gave a jerk. The movement dropped old Sully to the ground
“Throw up
your hands.”
There he was his prostrate form filled with
lead and lying on the ground, to the posse of men came out from their
concealment and covered old Jack with their rifles.
“Throw up
your hands” they shouted, he tried to throw them up but was too weak to move.
He asked for a drink of water, and they offered him brandy, which he refused.
His children ran down toward their father but were ordered back by the
officers. Petrie, the firing done, rode in from the north. Old Jack raised a
little and shook hands with the Marshall
and asked to see his children. Petrie
sent for them but by the time they reached the place the wounded man was dead.
They stayed over the next day and during the
night there was much drinking in the crowd.
40 shells were picked up from the ground.
Petrie the children said, after the killing
lay down beside the corpse, it was intimated by the children that he had
partaken of the little liquid and went to sleep
The others
were evidently in excellent condition to waste so large a percentage of their
firing (forty rounds)as if they were shooting rabbits.
Suddenly
Sully’s children now at his side and
recited the captains payer
His first
photograph.
Note. A
descendant of Jack Sully, Melvin Hausman of Mobridge has sent me a copy of
photos of Jack and his widow that were apparently taken for family purposes,
and never revealed to the public.
After Sully
stiff old body had been laid in the casket the first’s photograph of old Sully
was made as in life he always refused to
have a likeness made. Dead and helpless, the camera recorded an impression of
his features, “no camera was in possession
of the posse. The camera was in
the possession of a Chicago man at Bone steel who went to the scene of the
killing.
Secret c
Coroners Jury.
The work of
the corners jury was quick , but not
until after the men had had a secret session and after several hours considered the case did they
finally say that the death had been at
the hands of the officers while resisting arrest .
Location of
the house.
The house
does not stand, as has been reported, out upon (a tall hill which has a view in
all directions).. True one can see for 20 miles from it in one direction but it
had been built so that others might easily slip up to the place without
detection no choicer spot on the earth
could be found for such a home with the ravine running down from both sides of
the house it offered a convenient ambush place for those creeping up this is
demonstrated by the fact that the marksman who shot him were no more than 100
yards from his door.
Early Life
Jack Sully
came to Minnesota from New York and many years ago formed a partnership with a
fellow named( Jack Kincaid who is the forefather of the Sonny Waln family on
the Rosebud). They established a wood
station at Blackbird Island, on the Missouri River. After the boats stopped
moving on the Missouri River Sully moved back 10 miles and built his home.
“Did I say
stolen?”
No more than
three weeks ago, in Naper Nebraska I was
talking over his career with Mr. Thomas and Mr. Hensel of that city. He spoke of one-time when he took a bunch of hundred and 52 stolen cattle
to Fargo for market “did I say stolen,” says he, “well they were stolen, boys.”
Three years ago we shipped a bunch from
Verdigree and was later caught and jailed at Mitchell where he broke away the night the jailer died and
escaped to Canada.
Returning he
was shot at Minneapolis, as reported in the news, and he died with one of those
wounds s still gaping open.
His last
rustling.
His last
rustling was a bunch of cattle recently brought down to Nebraska him . He sold them to several men from Naper. One man
paid in cash and the other paid in paper which was later stopped.
The warrant
for arrests was for those cattle and in the serving of those warrants without
so much as calling a halt the stock had been shot down and killed Jack Sully.
The horse is
still alive. Though it has bullets in its side, it will probably recover
and a fine animal it is.
Mr. Thomas
was given the family side of the story because old Jack at one-time had known
Mr. Thomas’s father, Capt. Jack, when he was on a boat that plied the waters of
the Missouri.
Mr. Thomas and some other men were all that
were admitted to Sully’s home.
‘s home.
The 5 year
old (Claude Sully) then took Thomas to the
spot where Jack was shot.
Claude Sully had a ranch in Todd County just to the
west of the Trip- Todd County line. I knew him well. And in the fall I
hunte3d grouse and dear at his ranch.
His son was arrested
9 on some minor charge and placed in the
Trip County jail. I was state’s attorney at the time and old Claude Sully, the
five-year-old boy who had witnessed his father’s death, came to my office
concerned about his son Claude Junior.
He told me
that his son had asked that he talk to me to see if his son could be released.
He told me
not to release his son that he needed to learn a lesson, and that if anyone
should ever ask me I was to tell them that his father had begged and pleaded
for me to release him but it was me who said no.
So it would
be that the theory of Dakotativity would await some 65 years until it came full
circle from the time that old Claude Sully then a five-year-old boy would watch
his father Jack shot from ambush and relate the tale to the Norfork reporter
and await my election as Tripp County states attorney those 65 years later and
make the circle of Dakotativity today come full circle.
And that my
aunt would marry the descendent of an ancestor of young Thomas Lyons who was
escorted on that train ride from St. Paul to Chicago and then sent to Notre
Dame by none other than that Robin Hood, Jack Sully.
George Johnson
and Dudley Herman epitomized the ability to recognize weakness and turn it into
strength. George was able to do this with at most consistentsy but often found
some failure in the fact that his tactics were just a little too overbearing. Dudley
could do the same and they both could turn a sow's ear into a silk purse but
Dudley unlike George was maybe just a little too slippery.
Rick Johnson on
the other hand could turn weakness into strength, make a silk purse out of
sow's ear and do it with just a little touch of magic.
The following
was a eulogy given by Judge Wilson had Rick Johnson's funeral in Gregory South
Dakota.
RICK
JOHNSON EULOGY
Clarence Darrow,
the great trial lawyer of the first half of the last century, once said: 'Of
the great flood of human life that is spawned across the face of the earth, rarely
is there ever born a man.' I believe that this scarcity does not exist in this
'West River' area of South Dakota. Be
that as it may, Rick Johnson was a man and a half!
I count it one
of the luckiest days of my life when, thirty years ago, I became acquainted
with the Johnson/Driscoll clan here in Gregory County, South Dakota. Over the years they have become close
friends. To borrow words from John
Adams, "They seized upon my heart.' I'm presumptuous enough to consider
myself a part of their family, and they are gracious enough to allow me to make
this claim.
Francie, as you
know better than anyone else, your husband adored, loved and admired you. He was extremely proud of your
accomplishments, and he liked to brag about them, but being the sort of fellow
he was, he could not come to bring himself to do it directly; but he did it
indirectly and in full measure. Rick
reminded me of the German Lutheran they talk about down in Arkansas. He was crazy about his wife. He loved her so very much that he almost told
her one time.
Rick Johnson
demonstrated his love and friendship, but he was not one to say it directly.
Let me say a
word or two about Francie Driscoll Johnson.
When you go home tonight break out your Holy Writ, King James Version,
or whichever. Open it to Proverbs and
the other Books which speak of the worth and value of a good woman, a good wife
and a good mother. When you read those
words you will think that the Almighty had Francie Johnson in mind when they
were written.
Francie, your
husband was a character. I mean a
CARE-ACT-TOR. Let me give you an
example. Several years ago I was in the
chambers of Judge Eisele down in Little Rock -- many of you will know Judge
Eisele who has been up here to hunt -- we were getting ready to go our and make
up a jury after he had heard some pretrial motions. The door to Judge Eisele's chambers swung
open and his secretary said, "Mr.
Wilson has an urgent call." I nearly fainted. I went to the phone and answered it. On the other end I heard Rick Johnson say,
"Wilson, I just remembered the punch line to that joke I tried to tell you
last fall." He laughed his deep belly laugh as I used some nonSunday
School language on him and hung up.
What other
lawyer -- nay, what other person -- do you know who would pull a stunt like
this?
Diogenes, the
ancient philosopher, lived in a one room hut by the sea. A friend of his,
who was an
advisor to one of the princes, visited Diogenes one day at noon. Diogenes was preparing lentils for
lunch. The friend said, 'Diogenes, if
you would learn to get along with the princes you wouldn't have to learn to eat
lentils.' Diogenes replied, "My friend, if you would learn to eat lentils
you wouldn't have to get along with the princes." That was Rick Johnson. He did not laugh unless he was tickled.
He marched to
the beat of his own drummer. I never
hear the song "My Way" that I don't think of Rick Johnson.
Much has been
said and written, and much will be said and written, about Rick's skill as a trial
lawyer so I won't dwell on this subject.
Rick Johnson was
the quintessential South Dakota man.
There is something special about South Dakota and the people of South
Dakota. I don't know what it is. I can't put my finger on it. A few years back Lisa Buche told me,
"Don't you know -- it's a spiritual thing.' Perhaps this is true. I don't know.
I'll leave this up to the preachers and poets. This much, however, I know full well. There is something very special and wonderful
about South Dakota and its people, and I am honored to be here among you as we
honor the memory of this great fellow.
Rick was, by any
account, a first rate scholar of the law.
He was an accomplished artist -- proof positive of this can be seen out
at the lodge where we will gather this afternoon. His paintings and wood carvings are
superb. He was widely and deeply read on
a multitude of subjects. He had a burning
curiosity about the natural world.
Again, take a look at his exotic garden out by the lodge, particularly
the multitude of
pepper
plants. And he was one of the country's
foremost authorities on pheasant preservation.
In all, it is
entirely fair to say that Rick Johnson was an academy unto himself.
Francie, I know
that you and your family know what the poet was talking about when he
wrote about 'the darkest hour of the soul." I know that you know what
Tennyson meant when he wrote about a departed friend:
But oh for the
touch of a vanished hand, And the sound of
a voice that is still!
Let me close, however,
with two lines from the beautiful eulogy Robert Ingersoll, delivered at the
graveside of his beloved brother:
Early
Lawyers, the Rosebud's racial legacy and townsite and courthouse fights.
Note: contains some repetitious matter which may appear
elsewhere but is included subject to future editing
“Mud-town” the Indians descriptive name or Winner,began as the Jackson brothers
answer to the Indian towns of Colome and Lamro. Throughout its existence it
would become the bane of the Indian residents of the Rosebud. Early on one of
the States attorneys of Tripp County would weekly climb the steps to the third
floor County jail and assemble all the Indian occupants and announce “it’s
court day all of those who want to plead guilty raise your hand”, the rest of
you go to your bunks and wait until you change your minds.”
An early Sheriff would often times abuse, mistreat
Indians in the Winner city jail by washing down the assembled Indian occupants
of the city and County jail with a fire hose, until George Johnson of Gregory
representing Joe Ballou successfully sued that Sheriff.
As a matter of fact sexual abuse for Indian women
prisoners would continue in the “mud town” city jail well into the 1960s.
It was not until Bill Janklow at the legal aid service
in Mission brought a federal lawsuit claiming discrimination in “Mudntown” that
the city of Winner came to its senses and successfully defended that lawsuit by
recognizing and correcting any charge of discrimination before the case was
brought to trial.
Unfortunately the Winner school district when sued by
local Indian parents by the ACLU nearly 50 years later,did not possess the same
foresight as Mayor Paul Blomstrom when the city was sued for discrimination. By
not correcting the abuses that were alleged against the school district the
taxpayers of the school district were subjected to almost astronomical high legal fees and corrective measures.
End note # 1 Fire v City of Winner.
Tripp County homesteaders were the beneficiary of Roscoe
Knodell’s foresight and fortitude in circulating a petition requesting that their be a
moratorium on land payments to the U.S. because of droughth and a harsh winter in 1909.
I am endeavorsin to get a copy of the original petition which will have the names of the signers and
circulator.
The following
committee report mentions the petition:
Roscoe
Knodel
a lawyer and also editor of the Lamro
newspaper. Roscoe’s mind was similar to W.J. Hooper but vastly different
otherwise. Whereas Hooper was free spirit, Roscoe was the original
dyed-in-the-woo Republicanl tub thumping Methodist teetotaler. I was a Catholic
beer-drinking Democrat.
Roscoe showed me a
letter from W.J. Hooper that he highly prized. Hooper had written to Roscoe
asking him if he could remember a particular Supreme Court Case involving some
arcane rule of law. Roscoe had replied with the correct citation and the reply
letter from Hooper was his thank-you note praising Roscoe for his legal memory.
Hooper was hired to
try and argue cases from Burke to Martin and Kennebec to Kadoka across the
whole wide expanse of the old 11th circuit. It was often told that
W.J. never had to rent a hotel room in all of his forays outside of Gregory
because he had a dear friend of the opposite sex in every county seat town in
the circuit. In fact he also had such an
arrangement in his home town of Gregory and some old timers would tell you that
“Nepper” street had a special meaning for W.J.
Roscoe Knodell, on the other hand, was
a male counterpart to Carrie Nation. He regularly led anti-drinking and
anti-gambling endeavors in Winner, South Dakota. He was outraged by the Winner
apparent lack of a Methodist’s idea of morality.
He was so anti Catholic that during
the John F. Kennedy campaign of 1960, Al Welk and other Knights of Columbus
Catholics paid him a visit and convinced him to stop peddling anti-Catholic
material.
Roscoe was the most personally and
politically conservative gentleman I have ever met. Unlike some who have
followed however, he was never mean or vindictive and would never bend the law
either right or left to fit his personal philosophy. I never knew him to own a
car. He always walked to work; cane in hand and never cheated a single soul. He
was one of the most honest men I had ever met.
Roscoe had attended Northwestern
University, commenced practicing law in Illinois, where he was a candidate for
office on the “dry ticket” and was one of those adventurous souls who first
started law practice in Fairfax, Gregory County, South Dakota. He came to Dallas, South Dakota just prior to
the homestead drawing, thence to Lamro, South Dakota where he published the
Tripp County Journal, became the moving force in the Lamro Commercial Club,
continued to practice law, and owned two sections of land in Todd County just
north of Highway 18. The Little White
River flowed from bottom to top. He
fought a bitter fight against the Jackson Brothers and Winner and finally gave
in , The paper he started in Lamro fell into the hands of the Jackson brothers and then practiced law for over
fifty years in Winner before he took me in tow on November 23rd.
1963..
(The Dallas
Daily News at the timer of the homestead drawing noted : “ Roscoe Knodell of Fairfax planned to stay in
Dallas for the drawing.”)
Roscoe carried it even
further. He never used good “store bought paper” to take notes; instead he
would carefully open the envelopes of the mail he received and turn them inside
out for note taking.
Republican to the core and a believer in all the WCTU advocated, it
was ironic that the two lawyers he helped the most were Bill Day and me (a
Catholic) both Democrats who both loved to have a good time in the local
barrooms.
He welcomed me to Winner and let me
use a spare room in that sparse office for free. Now that office, 138 East
Third Street had been moved from Lamro in 1910 where Roscoe had been a lawyer
and editor of the Lamro paper. The office had no plumbing, no central heating,
just a large free-standing oil stove, a table, a safe and a manual typewriter
and Roscoe with his box of pencils and inside-out envelopes for serious note
taking.
In cold weather he would open the
office, tear a yesterday daily calendar
sheet from the Farmers State Bank calendar, use it to light the oil stove and
then retreat across the street to the Tripp County Courthouse where he
would “read law" in the law library
until the office warmed. That heat was always turned off before the day was
done and the same procedure was followed every winter day for over fifty years
in Winner.
He was still lighting that stove every
morning when he let me stay, rent free, in an empty room. As a gesture to me he
had installed plumbing and “running water” and electric heat. Roscoe had a
corner on estate practice and he shared several with me to give me a start.
Roscoe the Republican also introduced
me to all of his old clients and thought they should vote for me in the
upcoming state’s attorney’s race--even though I was a Catholic Democrat. He
showed me how to take a township map and keep track of people I had met listing
their names and addresses by township.
Roscoe would remain true to all of his principle to the very
end. He had a pleasurable moment when Richard Nixon defeated Hubert
Humphrtey for President.
On the day following the election he
paid ne a courtesy visit, and without gloating set a large law book on my desk.
You’re going to need this now, John, he said and wheeled out of my office,
making just a little more noise with his old cane hitting the floor.
I picked up the legal volume. It was a
compendium of Supreme Court opinions all decided prior to the election of
Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
W.J. Hooper and Roscoe Knodell,
together with Claude Maule, Windsor Doherty, C.E. Talbot would be main
characters in the Colome-Lamro-Winner courthouse fight in 1911 and they will
later appear again. A Clearfield area
citizen, while visiting an unmarried female neighbor’s homestead observed “a
man’s overalls draped over the back of a bedroom chair” and that led to a legal
morality play which went all the way to the South Dakota Supreme Court. But
more of that later- first the “Bought, but not paid for”, courthouse war.
.
Overture
to a court house fight.
In the election of
June 1, 1909 in a contest between Colome and Lamro, the voters decided that
Lamro would be the temporary county seat of Tripp County by a vote of 260 votes
for Lamro and 187 for Colome. Winner was still a faraway dream.
A young Roscoe Knodell as publisher of the
Lamro-based Tripp County Journal scoffed at the idea that some town other than
Lanro would be the County seat of Tripp County. Always trusting of the motives
of others, Roscoe wrote:
Friday July 30, 1909
TRIPP CO JOURNAL
SOME MORE HOT AIR
Jackson Brothers contemplate three more old Dallas
NORTHWESTERN TO BE A PARTNER
Agree to take in C.N.W R.R, railroad as limited partner to control
all towns in Tripp County
The most recent article in
the Norfolk daily news paid for by the Jackson brothers and friends is told of
an article recently shown to have been published by Fred Buckman in the Gregory
County news several years ago it was headed quote” (How Iowa boys) built a town
in old Dallas.” The article which appeared in the Norfolk paper conveyed the
understanding that the Jackson brothers had agreed to take in the Northwestern
Railroad in a limited partnership to control the towns the county seat and the
homesteaders of trip County. The plan was for the Jackson brothers to grant, by
hot air deed, a right away 3 miles each side of the Jackson villages to the
railroad and each homesteader was to receive a lot large enough for family
living with … . Such hot air will not
influence any homesteaders. Lamro is the
county seat of Trip County and the quote Royal Union” has an office here there.
(It should be noted that the Royal union was a
Royal union insurance company which financed nearly all of the opening of the
Rosebud reservation and was owned by the Jackson brothers and their father from
Des Moines Iowa.)
Any attorney who has ever
examined an abstract of Gregory or Tripp County land will run into a vast array
of legal documents that were filed to correct and market title after the Royal
union and the Jackson Brothers 'went belly up in the 30s.
Roscoe was an avid prairie chicken hunter and would often walk
many miles from Winner to shoot the native bird. One wonders what he thought when he walked
past the abandoned Town site of Lamro.
THE COURTHOUSE FIGHT
Three things would make Lamro and Colome lose and Winner win the
fight for the Tripp County Courthouse and county seat and make Roscoe Knodell
put his frame office on skids and move it from Lamro to Winner.
Remember that Gregory County, the eastern most portion of the
Rosebud Reservation, was opened for homestead settlement prior to the opening
of Tripp County.
As such, towns like Fairfax, Bonesteel, St Charles, Herrick,
Burke and Gregory were laid out, profits made, before the arrival of two of the
elements that would weigh heavily in favor of Winner winning the courthouse
contest. As the Railroad moved west so did many of the houses that had been
built in the eastern Gregory County towns of Fairfax, Bonesteel, St Charles and
Herrick. Many of them ended up being moved to Gregory. Dallas however would
serve as a dress rehearsal of what was to come.
The two most important elements were Frank, Ernest and Graydon
Jackson, the famous Jackson brothers, sons of a former Governor of Iowa and
President of the Royal Union Life Insurance Company, a legendary lender on the
Rosebud.
The third, but most important element that caused Winner to win
was the Jackson Brothers “clairvoyance” in knowing just where the Chicago and
Northwestern was going to lay its tracks in its “Go west, young man, go west”
manifest destiny through the opened portions of the Rosebud reservation.
Indeed the courthouse
games would have a “stacked Early
la
deck” long before Russ
Read the creator of Winners gambling parlors would ever spin a roulette wheel
or hire a croupier to handle the dice.
Consider, if you will, that the Indians had first choice on the
homesteads in Tripp County and many an early white adventurer in the old west
had taken Indian wives and families and they were the ones who exercised those
first homestead choice rights.
Chris Colombe had leveraged his family’s Indian blood in to a
money maker . Together with his white investors which he fronted for, he had
secured his Indian Homestead rights to the present location of Colome, S.D. and
he and his white investors, Wickham H. Tackett, H.A. Slaughter, and W.A.
Mesreve recorded their town site company on June 2, 1908 , prior to the legal
entry time of the opening of Tripp County to all.
Oliver Lamoureaux with the backing of many of the same investors
would secure his Indian choice and incorporated Lamro, guessing where the
Northwestern tracks would be laid 12 miles west of Colome, before opening
settlement to everyone lucky enough to win at the homestead drawing.
The use of “Indian fronts” to secure large grazing leases would
continue even to the advent of Al Kary, Wilson and Tim Murray, and young Bill
Janklow and yours truly with similar results as was told of the murder of Ed
Yoak and “Bubb Bartoe” disease by Thomas Lyons in the Oklahoma territory.
Prelude to the court house fight- the Grand Opening of the
Rosebud
A young Dennis Lyons, born in Lake County, South Dakota (my home
county)and relative of Thomas Lyons who had met Jack Sully on his way to Notre
Dame would write of his experience in his adventure to register for a Tripp
County homestead at Dallas S.D.
He wrote:
“1908 I went to Chamberlain S. D. on an
excursion train from Chicago, to register for the drawing of lots for choice.
In this arrangement of lottery the names of all who had registered were placed
in a container and two little girls drew the first names. The first 3000
choices were to cost $6 per acre, the next $4.50 and the rest $2.50. They had
to use their choice in rotation beginning at number one. The first choice was
filed by a lady named Mae Keiser, at the land office in Gregory S. D. on the
morning of April 1st, 1909. The filing continued until Oct. 1st at midnight,
when all land not filed on by choice was thrown open to Squatters Rights. During
the period of filing a new industry developed, known as Locating. This was done
by men who were experienced in traveling over prairie country and locating
different quarter sections of land. They generally drove over the country and
made a book showing the choice land. Then, when they took a prospective settler
out to the land and showed it to him if he filed on it the one locating him got
a fee.
At that time I was just 21 years old and was
only one of the many inexperienced on that train who little realized the
significance of pioneering a new country.
Finally the lots were drawn and the papers
published the list. There were few if any newspapers in the United States that
were not read that day as people from every state in the Union had registered. But
my name was not among those drawn. In the spring of 1909 the filings began.
Many who had drawn numbers had no intention of remaining and developing a
homestead so a profitable business of dealing in relinquishments sprang up. The
system of handling these relinquishments was as follows: - First the holder of
a number selected a quarter section and filed on it. He then had six months to
establish his residence on the land. In this time he would have some dealer,
known as a Real Estate man bargain with some prospective settler for the sale
of his relinquishment. The money usually was left in some bank, subject to the
filing of the relinquishment. When the settler's turn came to file after
October 1st, the real estate man went to the land office (office of entry). The
filing of the relinquishment cleared the land of any former entry. So the
settlers’ office of entry was accepted. Then the bank released the money to the
real estate man. The reason for all this formality was the fact that it was
unlawful for anyone to directly sell his homestead right.
I was still more restless than ever to acquire
a homestead, so I came to Dallas S.D. in September 1909, Dallas being 5 miles
west of Gregory and on the boundary of the Reservation. On the 20th of Sept. I
bargained for a relinquishment at $1600, besides the $6 to the Government for
the Indians. On the 18th of Oct. I entered filing on the land. On this land a
house and some fence was already built, and some hay was stacked. The original
filing choice was #1196.
So at last I had taken the first important
step in my life and the next one was to follow soon. It seemed to have a
homestead with a house on it Implied that I should also have a wife. Having
this matter under consideration for sometime before, the question was finally
settled on April 5, 1910, and we got ready to start for the new home. This
place was and still is 37 miles from the nearest town. My new wife had never
been out of town over night in her life. “
Pearson Magazine , a
national publicartion sent Bailey Millard to report on the Rosebud Land Rush.
He filed the following story of the event.
Pearson's magazine, Volume 21, Issue 1
Pearson Magazine , a
national publicartion sent Bailey Millard to repooirt oin the Rosebud Land
Rush. He filed the following story of the event.
Pearson's magazine, Volume 21, Issue 1
.
pleased to call the peasantry was here
represented to its fullest. Big, red-apple-cheeked Nebraska boys, with the
land-lust in their bright eyes, elbowed each other aboard the trains and
good-naturedly contested with each other for seats. Young Swedes were there from
Minnesota, burly young fellows from the Iowa prairies, stalwart, sinewy sons of Kansas and Oklahoma, all full of the land-lust, all eager to
" take a chance " in the great drawing for homes that a generous
government was soon to hold in the new South Dakota town of Dallas, three
hundred miles to the northeast of Omaha. Among them were many women, for the
most part daughters of the prairies, full of the spirit and sparkle that the
wind of the plains gives to the girls whose hair is tossed by it and whose
faces are tanned by
The charming system by which our good Uncle
Samuel virtually gives away millions of acres of public land was adopted after
the cession of the claims of the thirteen original States to all the territory
north of Georgia and east of the Mississippi, and it meant simply that the
government was anxious to encourage settlement, The annexation of the lands
west of the Mississippi by right of conquest, discovery, and purchase, added
enormously to the public domain, and these lands were settled by persons who
paid the nominal sum of $ 1.2s an acre and secured as much land as they
pleased.
Of late years oniy 160 acres have been
allotted to any one person and the government has raised the price to $6 an
acre, payable in six annual instalments, and $22 fees, which is still maklng it
a virtual gift to the people, as for example, the Dakota lands recently entered
upon are valued at $25 to $35 an acre. The quarter-section entered upon must be
taken as a homestead oniy. The homesteader must reside upon and cultivate it
for five years, uniess he pay all the purchase price and fees by the end of the
first six months, when no further residence is required.
During the past two land openings there has
been such a rush of persons to secure quarter-sections that the government has
preferred to let them draw by lot rather than to engage in a wild and perhaps
bloody scramble.
it—the future mothers of as hardy and
intelligent a race as one shall find upon the earth.
"Ladies this way!" yelled the
gatemen. "Chair cars for the ladies this way." And the women all made
their way there, for west of the Mississippi every woman is a lady and every
lady is given of the best.
Crushed between two burly Swedes, I made my
way along the aisle, looking for a slim man as a seat-mate. I found him in
the person of a pale Kansas City drug clerk
with whom I was soon chatting in the Western way, as though we had known each
other from boyhood. Other pale faces were there—men of the cities following the
call from the plains that was to redeem them for humanity—and more than ever
did I realize that in three generations of city life the race runs itself out
and must go back to the soil for renewal.
"Yes; the drugstore life has nearly worn
out my nerves and my strength, and I'm going to settle down upon a farm if I
can win one," said my seat-mate. "It will be good for the wife and
babies, too. We shall live out of doors as much as we can. If I'm not lucky at
the drawing, I'm going to see if I can't buy a little cheap land up there."
L. R. Walston, a bright-eyed young dentist
from Crossett, Arkansas, leaned back in his seat and said: "Me, too! I
want to escape from office work and live a freer life."
Walston's seat partner was C. A. Blair, an
Indianapolis young man who had been down to Panama, but couldn't stand the
climate. He had been in Dakota and thought it was a great country. He said he
would live there all his life if he drew a quarter-section.
It was a long time before the train pulled
A TEMPORARY HOME
out and people kept crowding through the
aisles, searching for seats. Three smoky, fiarey lamps were lit, the bell rang
and we slid out through the streets of Omaha and were soon gliding over the
prairie. There were over five hundred persons on the train, and another train
with as many more was closely following us. They had been running ten to
fifteen trains a day to Dallas, O'Neill and the other registration points, and
the end was not yet. Over one hundred thousand men and women had joined in the
scramble for land and many more were to come. There were men in this land rush
who had fought each other for quarter-sections- in Oklahoma and were ready to
fight again and win where they had failed before. They crowded the passageways,
many of them unable to find seats— jostling, pushing, pawing each other,
talking loudly but good-naturedly, joking each other as "suckers,"
all swaying along with the train and eager to get to Dallas and file their
applications for land.
It was good to rub shoulders with these honest
men, to see their eager faces and the eyes lit with the land-hunger. Here one
caught the infantry tramp, the epic note of the nation. Here one got his ear
close to the great heart of humanity and noted the beat ofAN APPLICATION BOOTH
it and the red fluid that it sent surging
through the veins of these sons of the soil to whom the city and the whole
country must look for its blood, and may not find it elsewhere.
The train retarded with grinding brakes, there
was a glow of electric lights, and we knew we were at Fremont.
"Suckers! Suckers! Suckers!" rose
the cry from the massed platform of the station. But other suckers were there
ready to join us, and we yelled back "Suckers!" as they got aboard.
We started again and passed a long train on a
siding. Many heads appeared from many windows.
"Suckers! Suckers!" they yelled, and
there was a long droning bass of "Suckers!" as we slid by. These were
folk who had been up to Dallas to register and were now returning, having
handed in their applications.
Train after clattering train we passed and
"Suckers!" was the greeting from each of them. For be it known there
were only six thousand chances in one hundred and fifteen thousand—about one in
twenty—for each applicant, and only about one in forty chances that he would
get a piece of really good land. And yet, so willing is the average American to
"take a chance," that a goodly percentage of the young men of the
surrounding States went to register.
Beyond Fremont the sky was aglow with
prairie fires, and it looked as though the
promised land were girt in by flames. But the hardy ones took no omen of evil
from this, and it was only the tenderfoots who were awed.
At Norfolk there were more electric lights,
more sidetracked trains, more crowds upon the platforms, more yells of
"Suckers!" and more prairie men crowded into our car. The Westerner
always has a hold-over supply of oxygen in his system and scorns ventilation,
so that, with the steam-pipes piping merrily and the windows all down, we were soon
in a blissful state of anaesthesia out of which we were occasionally aroused by
the banging of a cardoor or the yell of some stalwart who could be boisterous
without air. There was little alcoholic hilarity aboard the train, but there
were a few good-natured fellows who had embraced the flagon and were determined
that nobody should sleep. One of these was a man from temperate Ioway, who,
having consumed a bottle of Bourbon, got off at a waystation and bought two
bottles of a liquid purporting to be beer. When he tasted it he roused us all
up with a yell of "Rainwater! Nothin' but rainwater!" Then he read
the label, "Near Beer. Guaranteed under the pure food law. Less than
one-half of one per cent. alcohol." "Stung!" he shouted
contemptuously, and gave his unopened bottle away to a man from a local option
county in Nebraska.
The pranks that were played were of a
"rough-house" order, but no one resented them. One sleeper's face was
blackened with smut from a lamp chimney, a tin cup and sixshooter were tied to
his breast and a whisky bottle was placed in his hand. Then the good folk from
all the other cars were summoned to see the show, which struck everybody as so
irresistibly piquant that wild laughter rang the whole length of the train.
There was so much clatter and clamcr that most
of us passed a sleepless night and were glad when, in the dawn of a peculiarly
depressing, mist-muddled morning, we heard the brakeman yell
"Dallas!"
The crowd leaped from the train and made its
way to the registration booths—men and women, girls and boys, all eager to make
out their applications and thrust them into the big iron cylinders at the
government house.
Dallas! That tent-and-shack city, with its
wildly rushing population, presented a spectacle that broke through language
and escaped; and yet it may be that I can give a faint impression of it. Only
eighteen months old, as a mere depot-and-water tank, the town had sprung into
cityhood in a week. Wooden buildings with fake facades had been thrown up,
canvas houses and tents, large and small, had been erected along the main
street and all about the flanking thoroughfares. One heard everywhere the
raucous note of the raw West, the carpenter's hammer, the grate of the saw, the
megaphone clamorings of the barkers, hoarsely calling the crowds to the
restaurants, the vaudeville shows and the hurdy-gurdy performances, the auction
sales and the lodg
ing tents; there was a wild honking of
automobiles, a cracking of rifles in the shooting galleries, and a blaring
brass band, even at that early hour was parading in advance of a string of
mounted cowboys and Indians invit-' ing the mob to the Rosebud Agency Wild West
Show. A pleasaunce called "The Pike" invited particular attention
through its barkers, who varied their noisy demonstrations by occasionally
grating the big end of their megaphones along the sidewalk, making a noise that
could hardly be called musical.
"Yes, sir!" was one spieler's call.
"The Family Theater is going on, going on, going on! Only ten cents! A
good place to sit down!"
This made a strong appeal to the crowd, many
of whom were weary from much walking up and down the streets.
"Boys!" boomed another barker,
dressed in a big fur coat. "It's all ready, boys! A two-bit meal, boys!
Sirloin steak cr pork chops, fried potatoes and cup of coffee! Yes, sir—a good
square. I guarantee it!"
And yet with all the racket, and clamor, the
place was surprisingly orderly. This was almost entirely due to the efforts of
one man, Ernest A. Jackson, who without any warrant of law cr any authority
bossed the town andwas truly a benevolent despot. Jackson, who with his
brothers owned the original town site, was exceedingly jealous of the fair name
of Dallas.
"I knew," he told me, "that
thousands of people, many times our local population, would pile in here for
the drawing, and I wanted, as far as possible, to keep out the toughs and
sports, which I think has been done."
Jackson limited the number of saloons to five,
and although over three hundred gambiers came to town not many gained a footing
there. Not a "flat joint" nor sure-thing game was permitted—no
spindles, odd or even, or wheel-of-fortune—nothing but stud poker, draw, faro
and roulette, and these latter were confined to the back rooms of the five
saloons.
I visited some of the games and found them
running at full blast. Some of them were taking in a good bit of money,
particularly that in Thompson's place, where from the stories of victims I
inferred that the games were all "crooked," despite the benevolent
boss's efforts to keep them straight.
"I was let in by a capper whom I called
my 'drunken friend,'" said one victim who lost his " roll" in
Ijiis place. "It was mighty neat, the way he worked me. He pretended to be
very drunk, and going upon the principle that a man who is soaked generally
tells the truth, I believed his story of having won in the stud poker game,
especially as he flashed a wad that would have choked a cow. The funny part of
my experience was that they didn't let
me win a single hand. Of course that made me
believe at once that the game was square, for they generally lead on a sucker
in a crooked joint by letting him win once or twice, at least. No, sir, I
didn't take a dollar off that board, and they got to me for $160, plus my watch
and lodge pin. But when I reported it to Jackson, he was so cut up about the
thing having happened in his town that he loaned me money enough to get home
with. A mighty square man is Jackson. The boys all swear by him."
Other victims' stories I heard, but none so
pitiful as that of a young fellow from Mankato, Minnesota, who had driven
in"a team of beautiful black horses, hitched to a farm wagon. The Mankato
man had come to register for land and had picked up some passengers along the
way, enough to pay the expenses of the trip and something besides. He got into
a poker game within an hour after he had registered and filed his application,
and soon his money was gone and also the team and wagon. When I saw him he was
standing before a tent where some friends of his were camping, bewailing his
losses.
"I wouldn't have cared so much," he
said in a half-sobbing way, "only the horses didn't belong to me. They
were my father's. I don't know whether I dast show up at home again. Father had
set his heart on my getting a quarter-section out here, but my luck has been so
bad of course I won't."
He took me over to a rough stable and showed
me the horses, looking at them wistfully now and again and slapping his hand
upon their great black flanks with many a sigh.
"Them horses was the best friends I ever
had," he said dismally. "Why, many a time I've slept with 'em. Yes,
sir—slept right down between 'em, so's not to git cold when Iwas out on the
prairie. If you don't believe it, look-a here," and he produced a battered
silver watch. "That's what old Bill done one night when I was sleepin'
with 'em. Got his forefoot onto it somehow and bent the case. Lucky for me it
was bent, too; for them crooks wouldn't 'low me nothin' on it when they was
skinnin' me. Yes, sir; they're a bunch o' skins—that gamblin' crowd, an' you
want to look out for 'em. I don't know whether I dast go home to father or not.
He'll raise blue hell about it, an' I don't blame him."
But while the five gambling places were
allowed to fleece tenderfoots unmolested, other crooks were driven out of town.
There were very few serious offences against the law —no shooting, and only one
gun pulled during all the days of registration, and that was a shotgun in the
hands of a negro who was driving off an imaginary burglar from his tent.
When one considers the fact that as many as
10,077 persons came in a single day to register for land and the town was
overflowing with people all the time, it is greatly to the credit of Despot
Jackson and the slim little force of nineteen policemen that were on duty in
the place that it was necessary to make only thirty-two arrests, and these
chiefly of a petty nature. Bad men were there, plenty of them, and ready to
demonstrate their badness; but when they went up.against the Jackson system of running
a frontier town—the system of eternal vigilance and plenty of it—they concluded
that it was best to exercise a modest restraint.
This is what made the great Rosebud
Reservation opening at Dallas such a safe and
BERT MORPHY DEPOSITING THE LAST APPLICATION
pleasant one for the tenderfoot and for the
women who came there in surprisingly large numbers to register for land and
take a chance in the drawing.
"It is the most orderly lot of people I
ever saw at a land opening," said Superintendent J. W. Witten to me,
"and I have conducted several. The Oklahoma affair was no great credit to
the Government, I assure you. Such a scramble nobody ever saw. I felt it was a
shame that the Government should be called
upon to decide horse-races, and so I devised
this system of registering and drawing— a lottery, some call it, though it is
no lottery—and it seems to work to the satisfaction of everybody concerned. In
Oklahoma the battle was to the strong and the prize was to the hardy. Here the
merest cripple stands as good a chance as the toughest gunlighter.
"Yes, I have had all kinds of people here
to see me, many of them coming long distances to witness the drawing, though
they had no rights as entrymen. One interesting old chap was Hollow Horn Bear,
Chief of the Council of Sioux, who wanted to borrow five dollars. When I handed
him the bill he pointed to the Indian's head upon it and then to his own face.
The resemblance was surprising. 'It's Hollow Horn, all right,'-said Interpreter
Allison. 'That picture was made from a photograph.' So I had the novel
experience of talking with the only living person whose portrait appears upon
our national currency, and of lending him his own picture."
It was in the concrete land-office building
that I talked with Superintendent Witten—a building to which the people of
Dallas had
A back east perspective of the Dallas homestead drawing was
written by a reporter for the American Magazine in the November 1909 issue.
The Winners and Their Excitement
Of the drawing, of Judge Witten's patience and tact, of the two
tiny girls, Dema Rose (the real Rose of the Rosebud) and Virginia Wagner, who
kicked up the 114,000 sealed applications with their feet and picked out the
first winners, and the two small boys, Wesley Teuth and David Haley, who
relieved them for the last two days, the daily newspapers have told. But some
of us, who stayed over to see what Dallas would be like when the drawings were
finished, saw the best things of all, and the saddest.
one who had drawn
along in the 80's who appeared first. He came in on an almost empty train. He
was big and red cheeked and he wore his trousers inside his boot legs. He had
brought his wife with him from away east in Iowa somewhere. She was plump and
red cheeked and broadly smiling, too. Every ten paces or so he set her up
against a doorway and rushed at somebody on one or the other side of the broad
street.
"Hey!" he
shouted, "my name is Anderson! I won Number Eighty-blank. You come up on
the same train with me. I think you give me luck. I want to shake hands."
Then he charged back at his wife and led her ten steps more, until he had
exchanged felicitations with the notary who had sworn him in, with the
restaurant waiter who had sold him his first Dallas sandwich, with the newsboy
who sold him his first paper, with Alice-Where-Art-Thou, the chambermaid at the
hotel, and with everybody else who looked like somebody he had seen before and
with lots of people who didn't. He couldn't tell you why he had come back—for the
farms are not to be allotted until spring— except that he "wanted the old
woman to see that it was all true!"
The Losers—and How They Kept On Moping
There were a lot of
these. And there were the others—the losers. They were cheerful enough by day,
as you met them around town; cheerful even as you and I. But long after
midnight, there was a constant lighting of matches, or the bobbing light-point
of a lantern out by the shed where the typewritten announcements of the results
of the drawing were posted. This lasted for three days after the last name was
drawn; betokening one after another of the bitterly disappointed, going out
secretly to look the whole list over again to make sure that there had not been
some overlooked name—it was so easy to miss one name in six thousand. (They
drew a thousand extra names to provide for forfeitures.)
These forlornly
hopeful people made a cluster about the shed all day long, too—all the more
pitiful because every one in Dallas who had won a chance knew of it, within ten
minutes after the name was announced. The news traveled like a light flash.
It was all good, the bitter and the sweet together. We may be
better than our fathers were, some of us. The best that Was in the fathers,
though, is with us yet. It is a mighty United States—and healthy.
Along between
Cleveland and Buffalo on the way back to New York there came a time in the
lounging car of the Limited when it seemed as though the man sitting opposite
was as lonely and as unoccupied as I was myself. And so I went over and sat
beside him and began telling him some things about Dallas and the Dallas
people, what the big Swede told about Eckstrom, and the rest. He was polite.
But when I paused for breath, he said, " Really, how singular" and he
picked up a newspaper and turned so that the light would fall on it properly
and— so that his back would be toward me.
There was really
nothing to be angry about. After two weeks in the Rosebud country, I had
forgotten my east-of-the-Missouri manners That was all.speaking about West
River- say “ Really, how singular” and turn away.
A back east perspective of the Dallas homestead drawing was
written by a reporter for the American Magazine in the November 1909 issue.
The Winners and Their Excitement
Of the drawing, of
Judge Witten's patience and tact, of the two tiny girls, Dema Rose (the real
Rose of the Rosebud) and Virginia Wagner, who kicked up the 114,000 sealed
applications with their feet and picked out the first winners, and the two
small boys, Wesley Teuth and David Haley, who relieved them for the last two
days, the daily newspapers have told. But some of us, who stayed over to see
what Dallas would be like when the drawings were finished, saw the best things
of all, and the saddest.
one who had drawn
along in the 80's who appeared first. He came in on an almost empty train. He
was big and red cheeked and he wore his trousers inside his boot legs. He had
brought his wife with him from away east in Iowa somewhere. She was plump and
red cheeked and broadly smiling, too. Every ten paces or so he set her up
against a doorway and rushed at somebody on one or the other side of the broad
street.
"Hey!" he
shouted, "my name is Anderson! I won Number Eighty-blank. You come up on
the same train with me. I think you give me luck. I want to shake hands."
Then he charged back at his wife and led her ten steps more, until he had
exchanged felicitations with the notary who had sworn him in, with the
restaurant waiter who had sold him his first Dallas sandwich, with the newsboy
who sold him his first paper, with Alice-Where-Art-Thou, the chambermaid at the
hotel, and with everybody else who looked like somebody he had seen before and
with lots of people who didn't. He couldn't tell you why he had come back—for the
farms are not to be allotted until spring— except that he "wanted the old
woman to see that it was all true!"
The Losers—and How
They Kept On Moping
There were a lot of
these. And there were the others—the losers. They were cheerful enough by day,
as you met them around town; cheerful even as you and I. But long after
midnight, there was a constant lighting of matches, or the bobbing light-point
of a lantern out by the shed where the typewritten announcements of the results
of the drawing were posted. This lasted for three days after the last name was
drawn; betokening one after another of the bitterly disappointed, going out
secretly to look the whole list over again to make sure that there had not been
some overlooked name—it was so easy to miss one name in six thousand. (They
drew a thousand extra names to provide for forfeitures.)
These forlornly
hopeful people made a cluster about the shed all day long, too—all the more
pitiful because every one in Dallas who had won a chance knew of it, within ten
minutes after the name was announced. The news traveled like a light flash.
It was all good, the
bitter and the sweet together. We may be better than our fathers were, some of
us. The best that Was in the fathers, though, is with us yet. It is a mighty
United States—and healthy.
Along between
Cleveland and Buffalo on the way back to New York there came a time in the
lounging car of the Limited when it seemed as though the man sitting opposite
was as lonely and as unoccupied as I was myself. And so I went over and sat
beside him and began telling him some things about Dallas and the Dallas
people, what the big Swede told about Eckstrom, and the rest. He was polite.
But when I paused for breath, he said, " Really, how singular" and he
picked up a newspaper and turned so that the light would fall on it properly
and— so that his back would be toward me.
There was really
nothing to be angry about. After two weeks in the Rosebud country, I had
forgotten my east-of-the-Missouri manners That was all.speaking about West
River- say “ Really, how singular” and turn away.
Harry
S. Truman tries his luck
A
Missouri farm boy who took the lottery trip to Gregory in l911 came to the same
conclusion, that the trip in itself should be something to enjoy. He wrote a
book of letters to his beloved from l910 til his death in 1959.
This
one, dated October 22, l9ll, describes his trip to the great Gregory, South
Dakota Homestead drawing:
“Would
you like to hear what we did going and coming from notorious Gregory? I am
going to tell you anyway because it is on my mind and I shall have to unburden
it.”
“To
begin with, it was just like riding a crowded street car for a day and a night.
We took a sleeper to Omaha going and coming. From Omaha up, trains were running
every hour or so all day Tuesday, Wednesday, and until Thursday noon. You see,
the R. R. companies from one end of the country to the other give special rates
on first and third Tuesdays of each month. We got to Omaha Wednesday morning at
a quarter to eight and left at eight. They had to call special police to handle
the crowds at Union Station. We managed to get seats in the last coach. There
were 687 people on the train and nearly all were nice looking Americans. I only
saw about a dozen bohuncks all the way there and back. I never got so tired at
looking at yellow cars in my life. The Chicago and Northwestern uses all yellow
coaches. We played pitch and seven-up all day, taking turn about at each eating
station because we didn’t dare leave our seats all at once. Murray Colgan’s
wife fixed us the finest lunch a person could want anyway, so we didn’t go
hungry.”
“At
nearly every station, we met trains coming back. People on them would yell
Sucker! Sucker! at us and men on our train would to the same. One fellow
hollered for us to go right on through to a very hot place. It sounded like a
good place to be up there, it was so cold.”
“We
got to Gregory at about l0:30 p.m. Then began a chase for a place to sleep.
The hotel man finally agreed to give us a cot a piece in the waiting room,
which was some luxury, I tell you. There were people who sat up all night.
After
we’d cinched our rooms we went and registered at the Cow Palace, a wooden
shack. It takes about one minute to so it. There were about 20 notaries inside
a hollow square. I bet there was more swearing going on there than there will
be in one place again. I really don’t know what a Quaker would have done. They
didn’t ask you to swear. but just filled out papers-and you were sworn before
you knew what was happening. I registered for a soldier friend so that I have a
chance to get l60 and half another. There about four hundred claims that are
worth from $8,000 to $12,000 each. Of course, I’ll draw one of them. There are
several thousand worth from $40 to $4000 depending of course on location.”
“There
is an old Sioux Indian on the reservation who is 123 years old. She looks like
Gagool in Rider Haggards, King Solomon’s Mines. I didn’t see her but I have her
picture.
I
saw all of Gregory I cared to in about an hour and a half. It is strictly
modern town of about 1500 . . . ..
I
am glad I went. I have a good chance to win as anyone. Even if I don’t I had
fun enough to pay for the going.”
Most sincerely.
Harry 9
A Homestead Homicide
President
Truman lost his bid for a homestead claim in Gregory County, South Dakota in
l9ll, but he had seen the west and he knew that the trip itself should be
something to enjoy. Who would have guessed that this young farm boy from
Missouri, who had participated in the great land lottery would be President of
the United States.
In light of what happened to Albert Wood, who
did secure a filing on a homestead, Harry S. Truman was a lucky man indeed.
Albert
and Addie Wood and their five children ages 2 to ll years came to Gregory and
Tripp County, South Dakota from Fort Dodge or Boone, Iowa on May 23, l909 to
participate in the great land drawings. Albert Alfred Wood was 34 years of age.
He had been a sewing machine agent in Iowa when he decided to try his luck at
the homestead drawing.
Imagine
the joy in the Wood family when they discovered that out of 100,000 registrants
that their name had been drawn as one of the 4000 lucky winners. At last a
chance to build a home of their own, no more working for others, a dream come
true. They were now a part of the great American west where a man must take
care of himself and be free. In the prime of their lives and with a young
family they were America’s manifest destiny.
The
family of seven arrived on their claim, south of Roseland, (renamed Hamill)
South Dakota, on October lst 1909. Within two short weeks the violence of the
west would dash their dreams into a bitter and deadly harvest.
I
can look out the window of my farm home, not far from where the Woods
homesteaded and can imagine that in 1909 there were no roads, no electricity,
just prairie, wind and sky. The only trees to be found were along small streams
and would soon be harvested for fuel. Even the ancient Indian camps are found
only where wood and water were in abundance. Here, these young city folks were
facing a Dakota winter, alone, and unprovided for. No Indian in his right mind
would spend the winter, in the open, on that vast wind swept, snow swirling
plain no matter what shack had been built to protect him from the howling,
freezing, sneering Dakota winter blizzard. Dakota nature is sweet and sour. In
the spring the clear blue skies, the fresh and fragrant west wind, the small
prairie pockets of wild flowers and the rolling hills belong only to those who
can see them. But death and nature’s disaster leavens all.
The
family built a small shelter to protect them from the fiercely fickle Dakota
winter. They must also put up hay before the ground became covered with snow.
On
October 9, 1909, a neighbor, Chris Pringle ate his meal with them and helped
Albert Wood mow hay. On the same day two men came on the Pringle claim and
Albert Wood ordered them off the land. Later that same day Wood and Pringle
rode to the Gregory Land Office to file on the claim that Wood had run the two
strangers off. They were shocked to learn that the claim had already been
taken. They then went to attorney McDonald’s office in Gregory where they met
John Langan.
John
Langan was a former Scout for the United States Calvary in the Indian wars.
Langan accosted Wood and stated: “Are you the one who chased my boy off?” Wood
admitted he was and Langan replied, “Well, I am coming up there to build a
house and you won’t chase me off.”
Pringle
and Wood then went to the office of attorney A.J. Wilson and employed him. The
following Monday Pringle left and did not return.
Mr.
and Mrs. Wood mowed the “south forty” the following week and while mowing she
stated that they saw some one taking hay from one of their stacks. She stated
that her husband got his gun and fired over that way to scare them off.
On
Saturday the 16th of October her husband saw some men near his hayrack. Albert
took his gun, and left. Mrs. Wood said she heard one shot and one shot only.
After
waiting for him to come to breakfast she got uneasy and started to look for
him. She found three men on the Butte east of her claim, but could not find her
husband.
After
waiting a time she went to look again and her husband waved to her from the
foot of the Butte. He asked her for water and told her he was “shot through the
heart”. Mrs. Wood stated that her husband told her that “he had fired at them, but was just trying to scare them”. He also
told her that all three of the men fired at him. Albert Wood died in her arms
at the foot of the Butte, just east of Snow Dam. Mrs. Wood then waved to the
three men, she talked to them and they sent Wood’s wagon to Mr. Miller and Mr.
Moss for help.
Mr.
Ross, Mr. and Mrs. Kloke, a neighbor just to the south, took the widow to the
Moss homestead.
Mrs.
Wood indicated that her husband had an Army Springfield rifle that used 45/70
cartridges.
In
a conversation with Mr. John Langan he told Mrs. Wood that he had shot her
husband. Mr. Langan told her he held up his gun and asked to talk to her
husband, Langan told her that her husband would not talk but shot at him.
Langan told her that after her husband shot at him he killed her husband.
A
William F. Kloke of Spencer, Nebraska testified that he was erecting a
residence on his daughters claim on Section 15, 101-74 and had known Albert
Wood prior to his death.
While
shingling the roof he heard several shots and thought the shots were a “bluff
game”.
Later
one of the Langans came and asked him to help Mrs. Wood take her husband into
his home.
He
found Albert Wood dead about 80 rods from his house. He saw a 45-70 single shot
rifle in Woods house and several 45-70 shells in Woods pocket.
He
testified that by “bluff game”, that on the week previous Frank Langan and Leo
Hannan had gone to Margaret Langans claim to get hay for their horses and while
there Wood had shot at them 4 times and that he saw Wood shoot.
On
the following day he had heard the decedent tell Frank Langan to “stay off that
place unless you want trouble”. Kloke testified that at the time of both
shootings the Langans were at Margaret Langans place.
Windsor
Doherty was the prosecuting attorney and he charged John Langan, Frank Langan
and Leo Hannan with murder.
Oliver
Lamereaux and Don A. Sinclair were the bondsmen for John Langan, who was
released on $1,000.00 bond by County Judge L. B. Callender.
John
Langan took the stand and testified in his own defense that he had shot in
self-defense. P.J. Donohue a pioneer lawyer of Bonesteel (father of former
Attorney General Parnell J. Donohue) testified as to John Langan’s good
character and reputation for truth. Langan was found not guilty by the all male
jury. 10
Chapter Thirteen End Notes
1. Kingsbury,
George W., History of Dakota Territory,
S.J. Clark Publishing Co Chicago, 1915, Volume III, p. 505.
2. Ibid. p.
505.
3. Ibid. p.
506.
4. Ibid. p.
506.
5. Ibid. p.
506.
6. Ibid. p.
504.
7. D.C.
Poole. Among the Sioux of Dakota:
Eighteen Months’ Experience As An Indian Agent. New York D. Van Nostrand,
1881.
8.History of Dakota Territory, p. 506.
9.Dear Bess, The letters form Harry to Bess
Truman 1910-1959, Edited by Robert H. Ferrell, W.W. Norton Co., N.Y. and London, pp. 53-54.
10. State v. Langan et al, Tripp county clerks
of courts file.
Times really haven’t changed- To East
River residents West River is just “Really how singular” and Hoh Hum. To demonstrate the difference between east
river and west river, fellow attorney Bill Day and I were traveling together
for a hearing in Sioux Falls. As a break
in the trip we stopped in Parker for a roll and coffee. The waitress brought
the rolls and coffee and Bill said "put it on one bill and give it to me”
Bewildered the waitress retreated a few steps and then returned saying “ are
you sure you don’t want separate bills?.”
Bill looked at me and we both chuckled knowing we were east river for
sure
Lets send those starving Dakota Sioux to Nicaragua
While these Indian entrepreneurs Colombe and Lamoureaux were
leveraging their Indian rights to play the white man’s games, the back-east
“lacey sleeved” set with their heart in the right place and their head “you
know where” had other solutions to the “Indian problem”.
They would transport 8,000 South Dakota Sioux to South America,
“lock stock and barrel" thus ending Tripp counties Indian problem forever.
Now dear reader have you ever heard of the “League of Political
Educators”, F.S. Dellenbaugh, head of the American Geographical Society and
“Little Bison” and his (1909 ) , 8,000 “ “starving and impoverished”, soon to
be driven to extinction, South Dakota Sioux Indians? (Well, thanks to Royce
McDowell of Winner and local history buff, you will)
The Tripp County Journal of December 3, 1909 reported the
following:
Boston, Mass., Nov. 17
To save the remnant of
the Sioux Tribe of Indians from extinction by consumption and other diseases a
colony of Indians will be established in Nicaragua ,early this year.
Chief Little Bison, a
full blooded Sioux sailed from Boston on the steamer Esparia today for
Nicaragua where he will receive deeds to 16,000 acres of land granted by the
Nicaraguan government for the establishment of the colony.
The project is
supported by F.S. Dellenbaugh, head of the American Geographical Society and
several wealthy New York People The immigration of the Indians is expected to
begin in January.”
“Little Bison” would be invited to speak at the League of
Political Education at the Hotel Astor in New York City. They were all ears .
The New York Times reported that his speech was received with “
great applause”.
He told the “lacy-sleeved set” that he had 16,000 acres in South
America on which he would settle 8,000 starving and soon to be extinct South
Dakota Sioux Indians.
He told them, “ (I) only want money to take them there, where
they can care for themselves”
Indeed every lawyer who ever practiced at or near the
reservation has been asked for a loan of “gas money” just to get back to the
res for grandma’s funeral
Little Bison and his white wife set sail again for Nicaragua and
were told they were not welcome. . The New York Times of February 7, 1910
reported: “Little Bison said he reached Costa Rica when the Nicaraguan
revolution was at its most critical stage, the election of Dr. Madriz taking
place about that time. The new President was suspicious of the Indian’s chief’s
intentions, and appealed to the Costa Rican Government to prevent his entry
into Nicaragua.. . . . (He) left tonight for New York where he will confer with
F.S. Dellenbaugh, President of the American Geographical society, and then
return to his people”
“Little Bison” was never heard from again and if he returned to
“his people” to my knowledge he was never heard or seen again on the res.
It’s my guess that “Little Bison” was the original “wannabe.”
He who pays trhe Piper
calls the tune.
Chris Colombe and Oliver Lamoureaux were both the real thing.
Both were honest-to- goodness enrolled members of the Rosebud Sioux tribe
descended from early French trappers.
Colombe beat the Jackson brothers to the punch in making the town of
Colome a rival for the county seat of Tripp County.
Oliver Lamroureax would also make a play with his Lamro town
site and of course the Jackson brothers with their “ clairvoyance” in knowing
just where the tracks were to be laid weren’t going to be outsmarted by a pair
of “breed Indians”.
Oliver Lamroureax and his white friends,
including H.F. Slaughter from Gregory had formed the Lamro townsite company in
1907 some three years before the Northwestern Railroad would extends its lines
into western Tripp County.
An article in the Norfolk paper in 1907 described the early settlement of Lamro
prior to the opening of Tripp county for settlement.
The
Norfolk weekly news-journal (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, June 07, 1907,
LAMOUREAUX, IN TRIPP
COUNTY,
SOON WILL BOOM.
A BRISK -LOT SALE WAS
HELD
A Stage Line Will
Start From Gregory to Lamoureaux Next Week a score of Business Enterprises will
be launched at Once.
if
Gregory
, S. D , , May 31. Special to the News :
The new town of
Lamouraux In Trlpp county was launched in
practical and
substantial manner ,A. number of business men who desired locations were driven
out to the new town and allowed to select their lots at private sale.
Forty-six lots were
sold in this manner at a reasonable figures to get the town under way.
A. stage line will
start from Gregory to Lamonreaux , a distance of about twcnty-five miles , next
week.
All the principal
branches of business will be represented on the start. Work on the foundation
for a bank building will begin next week. A lumber yard , hotel , restaurant ,
livery barns , generalmerchandise stores , post office, newspaper , drug store ,
meat market , blacksmith shop and other business will start up at once. The
Rosebud Telephone - company will begin the erection of a line to Lamoureaux at
once.
Among those who
purchased lots last Monday and who will put In initial businesses may be mentioned
: Joy M. Hackler , .1. J. Bonekemper , F. M. Hulbert , Paponsek Co. , Ford
Peters , Hall Bros. , A. A. Txignn , Dan Hall. .1. H. Kimball , G. P. Burpee ,
Geo.Lamoureaux , John Weaver , Win. Miller , Jos Selgmund , Ole FInstad , Chris
,John and Win. Colombo , Ole Dahl.W.D. Wilson , Rathmnn & Keller , I.
P.Bnttelyoun , F. A. Phlnney , O. J.Haugh , W. H. Tackott. Dan Smith , J.W.
Ellenton , Ed Adklns , G. O. Van Meter and many others.
Lamoureaux hopes to be
designated as the county seat and Isis iIn the very heart of the great fertile
Trlpp county to be opened
to homestead
settlement and entry soon.
The money realized on
the sale will be put back Into the town In the way of public improvements.
Herrlck.
S. D. , May 31. Special to
The
News :
A quiet lot sale
occurred on section 31 , In the exact center of
Tripp county whichiIs
soon to be opened for settlement by the government.t
Fifty lots were sold
for $100 each , spot cashjJust as rapidly as the
contracts could be
signed. H. R.Slaughter , the promoter , took first
choice and will erect
a bank , real estate office' and post office at once.
Attorney Van Meter of
Herrick took second end , and will at once erect a 24-room hotel and a law
office ; Otis Vaughn of Gregory , third , will establish a newspaper plant. A
company tookfourth and will erect a 2lxOG general merchandise
store ; others sold quietly and quickly , and every lot was paid for spot cash
, or bankable note.
Over twenty businesses
will start within sixty days , a petition has been signed by 150 residents ,
and will be presented to the governor soon , ready for the opening and
organization. Lamoureaux hopes to bo designated the county seat , and perhaps
will never be-moved as It is the center , and is surrounded by level land , and
easy access. Contractor Troadway says the railroad can build easier across
Trlpp county than across Gregory , nnd reach the new town with very light cuts
and one heavy bridge. The price of lots already purchased in favorite locations
rose above par rabidly , and some refused fancy prices.
The
Tripp County Journal of November 6, 1908 (published in Lamro) in an article enticing settlers to Lamro and its surrounding Tripp
County land explained the early settlement of the area.
The
paper related that the area began to be settled 20 years ago ( 1888).
First
settlers were Oliver Lamoureaux and his brother who wintered at Dog Ear Lake.
He
and his brothers, George, Paul and Will were the first permanent settlers.
Their
father and grandfather were white men making the brother s quarter breed
Indians.
They
had come from the reservation near Butte Nebraska, long before the area opened
settlement.
The
Lamoureaux pastures would cover over over twenty miles of fenced in territory
most of which was leased from the tribe.
Oliver
Lamoureaux had just leased his pasture to a Mr. Frost who would winter 1,000
head of cattle.
(
This practice continued well into the 1960's with Al Kary, Wilson Murray and a
lawsuit involving a young legal aid attorney, Bill Janklow and yours truly.)
Al
Kary snookered Bill Janklow. Aftwer Kary had lost a learge Indian lease while g
fronting for Nebraska Banking interests,Kary and Wiulson Murray, an enrolled
Indian ranher. Feigned a fight right outside of Janklow’s legal aid office.
Somewhat battered and bleeding Wilson “escaped” into Janklow’s office. Telling Janklow that he was fed up with
fronting for Kary he asked Legal Aid to help him get the lease back from any white ranchers and put in his name only.
Janklow,
who hated Al Kary, fell for Al’s fake fight “hook lione and sinker”.No sooner
had Janklow got the lease for Wilson it was noted that Al Kary and Wilson were
walking hand in glove whistling “Happy Days are here again”.
In
the same issue of the paper it was noted that David Colombe had bought the
Chris Colombe ranch and the Chris was moving to Winona (Colome) " where he
had an interest in that town"
Notwithstanding
the advantage of having a full year’s head start, Chris Colombe and Oliver
Lamoureaux must have looked over their shoulders and muttered “ who are those
guys”.
Those guys were the
Jackson Brothers and their friends. And they were “clairvoyant”.nd had money-
lots of money.
George Washington Kingsbury in his History of Dakota Territory, Volume 5 described Graydon Jackson and his brothers influence on the
Rosebud:
“When he arrived on
the present site of Dallas there was nothing but a tract of wild land, no
collection of buildings giving evidence of a growing town. In fact, there were
only a few buildings in Gregory county. His brothers soon afterward came and
all filed on homesteads five miles south of Gregory. The town of Dallas was
then located southeast of the present site of Dallas on Ponca creek, but when
the railroad was built the town was left to one side and on the 1st of January,
1907, all of the buildings were removed from the old to the present town site
of Dallas, drawn by teams. Jackson Brothers had purchased the town site in 1906
and from that moment have been most active in the development of the town. It
was a bitterly cold winter when they moved the buildings. The snow was deep,
rendering the task a difficult one, but they placed the buildings on steel
cables and thus drew them over the frozen snow. Throughout the intervening
period to the present the company has dealt extensively in farm lands and made
many loans. They owned forty thousand acres in Gregory, Tripp and Mellette
counties and are the owners of several town sites, including Dallas, Winner,
and .Jordan, Carter, Chilton, Berkley and White River.. Jackson Brothers have
carefully systematized their work and are following out carefully defined plans
and methods in developing the towns in which they are interested, looking ever
beyond the exigencies of the moment to the possibilities and opportunities of
the future. In addition to his other interests Graydon B. Jackson is the vice
president of the Bank of Dallas. ‘
Ernest Jackson
The same history described his brother, Ernest
Jackson .as a graduate of Iowa law School was President Western Townsite Co.,
Western Telephone Co., Western Abstract Co., Bank of Dallas; vice-president
Carter State Bank, Roseland State Bank, Augusta State Bank, Bank of Winner;
member of co-partnership, Jackson Brothers. United States Commissioner 1905-06
for the District of South Dakota. Republican; Episcopalian. Member Beta Theta
Pi fraternity’.
The Jackson Brothers
owned nearly every bank and lending company on the Rosebud. They were estimated
to own between 40 ,000 acres and Oscar Micheaux estimated 126,000 acres which
included the famous Mule Head Ranch in Gregory County.
The Jackson brothers
knew that at least a $100,000. --profit in 1910 dollars was the stakes in this
high stakes game for the county seat of Tripp county.
The Jackson brothers
had experience in knowing how to move a town to fit the Railroad, after all
they had first hand experience when they came to Dallas and moved the town from
Ponca Creek to their digs.
Colome had the ready
advantage. Lamro was already a thriving town with only the expectation of being
a “depot” town . Although Lamro had won the temporary seat of county government
and the courthouse that would not hinder the Jackson brothers if they could
find a way to eliminate the division of votes between their town site , Winner,
and the adjacent town of Lamro.
Money can solve a lot
of problems and the promise of money was better than the real thing especially
if the promise to pay was never kept.
It appears that before
the actual vote the “fix was in” and worked. But more than the fact that it was
successful in stopping the real challenge of Colome, after the votes were cast
the Winner supporters refused to pay those big shots from Lamro who had participated
in the fix.
As noted earlier Lamro
had been the thriving town ( 750 residents) and the temporary county seat of
Tripp County.
The Western Town site,
(in fact the Jackson Brothers) was intimate with the Chicago and Northwestern
Railroad.
development. Is it any
wonder, when the RR was extending into western Tripp County that the Jackson
Bros would find a way to cash in on its location of a town site? The terminus
at the time was in Colome. Due to the sloppy design of American built steam
locomotives they had to be resupplied with water often and locations were also
determined by a wagon days one day travel and return , which meant that
stations were planned every twelve miles.
Lamro was at the
required distance, had water supply and soon boomed to over 750 inhabitants.
Notwithstanding the
existence of the town of Lamro or more likely in spite of its existence the RR
course was set to just miss Lamro, some twelve miles west of Colome and the
RR’s friends, the Jackson brothers established a town site (now Winner) just
two miles from Lamro.
If
Lamro was a contender Winner and Lamro would split the vote and Colome would
win
Now
if you thought present day politicians and lawyers were constructively and
destructively creative all at the same time just listen to what the Jackson
Bros and the Western Town site company conjured up to win this election.
If
you should think that Railroad companies were free enterprise benevolent
entrepreneurs who would let anybody but themselves and their cohorts profit
from the location of their depots- Let me tell you about Blue Springs, Nebraska
, a thriving early coty of 750,located
in the southeast corner of that state.
The
Omaha Dailly Bee of August 2nd 1881 reported that the railroad after layin
tracks through the thriving city of Blue Springs failed to establish a depot in
the town, notwithstanding the offers that were made by the townspeople to build
the depot at no expense to the railroad.
Instead
the attorneys and officers of the railroad formed their own townsite company
and located the depot at their own newly formed townsite, just one and 1/2
miles from Blue Springs.
The Jackson boys
entered into the following contract to ensure that their townsite, Winner
would win:
"This contract,
entered into this 7th day of May, 1910, by and between the Lamro Town Site Co.,
Incorporated, party of the first part, and A. E. Kull, of Burke, S. D.( The
Jackson’s Bros paid agent) party of the second part, wherein the party of the
first part agrees to sell to party of the second part the following described
property: The southwest quarter of section nineteen (19) in township
ninety-nine (99) north, of range seventy-six (76) west, of the 5th P. M., for a
consideration of ten thousand dollars ($10,000), to be paid for as per
conditions hereinafter set forth: Party of the second part to deposit a
certified check for two thousand dollars ($2,000.00) with the Lamro State Bank,
said amount to be paid to the party of the first part on the first day of July,
1910. Provided, however, that ‘at least six of the following business
institutions of Lamro, S. D., shall have moved to the town of Winner, S. D., or
shall have in course of construction substantial business buildings in said
town of Winner, S. D., to be occupied by them: Lamro State Bank; C. Kissling;
Sas and Ketchmark; Smith and McGrivey; Hall & Greives; S. N. Opdahl, or Jay
Weaver. Party of the second part further agrees to pay party of the first part
two thousand dollars ($2,000.00) on the 15th day day of July, 191 o, for which
amount a certified check has been de~ posited with the Lamro State Bank,
provided that at least twelve of the business institutions now located on the
Main street of Lamro, S. D., shall have moved to the town of Winner, S. D. Be
it also provided that party of the second part shall deposit with the Lamro
State Bank a certified check for$4,000.00 to be paid to the party of the first part on July
20, 1910; provided, however, that at least eighty per cent, of all the
buildings now located in the town of Lamro, S. D., shall have been moved to the
town of Winner, S. D. Party of the second part further agrees to assume a
mortgage of $2,000.00 now on said land. The party of the first part to deposit
with the Lamro State Bank a warranty deed conveying above described land to A.
E. Kull, together with abstract showing clear title with all interest and taxes
paid up to date, and free from all incumbrances except the mortgage above
provided for, said deed to be delivered to A. E. Kull when the above payments
shall have been made as provided for. Be it provided, that in case the party of
the first part shall fail to move, or cause to be removed, the various
buildings and business institutions as provided for, then in that case all
checks and moneys having been deposited by the party of the second part as
provided for in this contract shall be returned to said party of the second
part, and this contract shall be made null and void.
The Lamro Town Site
Co., Incorporated. By , President. By ,
Secretary. (Signed) A.
E. Kull, Second Party."
The trial records indicate that the Lamro powers that be kept
their word and most if not all of the businesses were moved.
The Jackson Brothers reneged after they had won the election and
their cashier refused to honor the checks.
The Jackson Brothers hired an attorney to bring an action in
equity to enjoin the cashing of the checks. This action went all the way to the
South Dakota Supreme Court which ruled against the Jackson Brothers.
The Jackson Brothers then against refused to honor their
agreement and Lamro sued in an action at law. A jury found in favor of Lamro,
but the Jackson brothers again appealed to the South Dakota Supreme court.
So after two lawsuits and two appeals to the South Dakota
Supreme Court the Jackson Brothers finally had to pay.
Those two lawsuits were in fact the only real fight between
Lamro and Winner. Colome lost. Lamro had
sold out and the Jackson Brothers bought the election.
Oh yes- the attorney for the Jackson Brothers at trial and
appeal of both cases- W.J. Hooper of Gregory, S.D.
See: Western Townsite Co. v Lamro Townsite Co. 31 SD 54, 139 NW
777. Lamro Townsite Co. v Dallas Bank 151 NW 282)
Touring car used to transport homesteraders from Gregory west
before rail line was laid.
Will find my notes foir further explanation
Foillowing is an exchange
with a descendant of Senator McClintock
, Democrat, Hamill, SD)
--- On Wed, 4/20/11, John J. Simpson <jsimpson@gwtc.net>
wrote:
From: John J. Simpson <jsimpson@gwtc.net>
Subject: FW: West River
To: "'r m'" <rlm_mcv@yahoo.com>
Date: Wednesday, April 20, 2011, 10:28 AM
Royce,
I need to flesh out Chris Colombe and Oliver Lamereaux.
Can you help me Pictures, etc.
Attached for your fyi
John
-----Original Message-----
From: Marti McClintock [mailto:martimccl@yahoo.com]
Sent: Wednesday, April 20, 2011 9:22 AM
To: John J. Simpson
Subject: Re: West River
Dear Mr. Simpson,
Thank you so very much for your email. You have brightened my morning, and
I have dropped a check in the mail to you already. I will look forward to
the book!
As to your questions.....I will start with Oliver. We know very little
about Oliver and his family. Here is what I know off the top of my head....
He married into my family, by marrying Alma, daughter of Mary Louise
Bordeaux (maiden name) and Clement Lamoureaux. Mary Louise is a daughter of
James Bordeaux (well-known fur trader) and his Sioux Indian wife, Marie or
Huntkawtawin. So Oliver married in and is my Great-Uncle (by marriage).
One of his sisters in-law was Lillian Lamoureaux. She married William
Morris McClintock.....and that's my direct line into all of this. I think
Oliver might be buried on the Rosebud reservation cemetery, I'm going to
look into this more.
The furthest back I know, so far, about William McClintock is that he came
to South Dakota from Whiskey Creek, NE. I know this because that is where
one of his sons (my grandfather) was born. He came up to SD in 1908-1909,
and was deeded a homestead, I think from Pres. Taft (?). He farmed his land
there (off of now Rte 49) for the rest of his life, which ended in 1919. I
think he came in 1908 and then built the home, and then sent for his family
in the following year. I will check on that more. He was a state senator
from approximately 1916-1919. He also was the owner of McClintock Lumber
which was located in Hamill "proper" as they say. I think I have
pictures
of McClintock Lumber somewhere around here. I also have pictures of his
original farm. So the McClintocks are came from William M. who married into
my larger lineage. Hopefully that makes sense. We don't have a ton of
information on him, from his life before entering into the family, but he
was Scottish-Irish, and married my French/Indian Great Grandmother.
If you have questions, I will surely try to answer any of them. I really
want my family's roots to be counted in Hamill, as that is where our family
really grew from. I will also look to see if we have any further info on
Mr. Oliver.
I hope to get out to SD later this year, and will treat you to coffee, or
whatever your drinking pleasure happens to be!
Warm regards,
Marti
"I was just so tired of giving in to a system so unjust" --Rosa Parks
----- Original Message ----
From: John J. Simpson <jsimpson@gwtc.net>
To: Marti McClintock <martimccl@yahoo.com>
Sent: Wed, April 20, 2011 4:54:30 AM
Subject: RE: West River
Marti.
Thanks for the e-mail.
Can you help me fill in on the Oliver L family?
Not much has been writen locally about Oliver Lamereaux.
Also when and where did the McClintocks come from?
The book is $18.00 inclydes S&H and sales tax
My address is:
John J Simpson
322551 271st Street
Hamill.SD 57534
I live on the ranch site of Robert Collins ranch 7 miles south of Hamill-
on the north side of Rattlesnake Butte.
Thanks for the order .
John
-----Original Message-----
From: Marti McClintock [mailto:martimccl@yahoo.com]
Sent: Tuesday, April 19, 2011 9:43 PM
To: AUTHOR @; jsimpson@gwtc.net
Cc: martimccl@yahoo.com
Subject: West River
Good day,
Mr. Simpson, I came across your website, Dakota Yesterdays, the other day
while I was just searching the internet for SD family information. My
father was born in Hamill in 1931 and grew up in Winner. My
great-grandmother was the sister of Oliver Lamereaux, who you mention on
your site. In addition, she lived in Hamill, with my great-grandfather on
the farm that is right off of Hwy 49, with the run down home and farm
buildings.....perhaps you have seen it? Anyway, I have a deep deep love of
Tripp County, most notably of Hamill. I would love to read your book and
perhaps even shake your hand during my next trip your way.
I look forward to purchasing your book, and will follow any purchase
instructions you send. I will of course be happy to provide for shipping
and handling. I am just so anxious to read your accounts. I thank you in
advance for your writings and correspondence. I hope this finds all well
over your way
Accompanying th e-mail was the following:
chris colombe/s.d. historical
terracehills1(View
posts)
Posted:
10 Nov 2000 8:25AM GMT
Classification:
Surnames:
chris colombe was a
familiar inhabitant of tripp
co. an rosebud. the first colombe family to america
was jean baptiste colombe. he ws born in alsac lorraine.he went westward
working for the hudson bay
co, an finally became us marshal at denver. he met an
married pretty josette dorion, a girl who was part french/sioux. the dorion
name was highly respected in the missouri valley, pierre dorion being the
oldest fur trader in this region. they built their home on an island called
colombe isl. near whetstone creek and became parents of a large family. their
children were; JOHN.CHRIS,DAVE,WILLIAM,MINNIE(hicks),KENNY(mullen)JOSETTE(brandon)
AN EMILY (tradeLL) the name jean baptiste was americanized to john baptiste
colombe, easier for the neighbors to accept.this family had the traits of their
alsatian forbears, tempered by the sioux blood of their grandmother, and had
strong family ties.many people today have ties to the family in s.d.as the
children grew up they also became active in affairs of the rosebud and
intermarriage witht he people of this new country.john married lizzie reeves:
their children were louise mary (KOCH) , john w, jennie9AISNLEE) an two boys
who died in infancy.he also raised an adopted son, chris patterson, known as
buck colombe. chris, perhaps the best known-founded the town of colombe, was a
good friend of the jackson brothers, and has been described in tripp county
golden anniversary book about early homesteaders. his children
were,ted,birdie,(MC MURRAY)
an grace(RITTS).Eds
chidren were, joe,ed,chris,carl,sally,josephine an tommie.
dave married alice moran an later her sister amy.by his first wife he had 4
girls, minnie,susie,lilly an mabel.by his wife amy he had dave,velma,
ruby,leona,fred,lester,eileen.
william married annie courtis, dau of a well known english rancher. his
children were,margaret,marvyn,hilda,an william.
minnie married wm hicks of akron ohio.their family conisted of one son.wm an
four girls,ruth ,josette,jennie,viola.jennie lso called mr mullen had six
children, three died in infancy.others were, john,amy, norah.
josephine,also called josette married bill brandon a scotsman who lived at
brandon springs until their homeburned
down. chidren; HOWARD,HARRY,ALVINA( houston) ROY,JOHN, ELMER AN ETHYL,ALEC.
EMILY MARRIED LEVITRUDELL.
CHIDREN: mabel,alice,hattie, emily,christina,levi,david an wallace an twowho
died in infancy.
Tripp County homesteaders were the beneficiary of Roscoe
Knodell’s foresight and fortitude in circulating a petition requesting that their be a
moratorium on land payments to the U.S. because of droughth and a harsh winter in 1909.
I am endeavorsin to get a copy of the original petition which will have the names of the signers and
circulator.
The following
committee report mentions the petition:
Recollections of 11th
Circuit #4
Early Lawyers and Mob Rule
Only 8 years after the
opening for settlement of the Great Sioux Reservation the Nation and the
Rosebud would be rocked by the Declaration of War against Germany in April; of
1917 which would end with the Armistice which was reached on the 11th
hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918.
The Rosebud would become
the center of super patriots and “Home Guards”.
The early lawyers of the
Rosebud played an all too important part.
The residents of this
area, who had arrived for settlement only 9-10 years earlier, were dramatically
affected by that war.
The homesteaders came
from a vast array of places, countries and ethnic backgrounds. They lacked the
cultural interaction that many areas of the nation had enjoyed excepting the
newly transplanted Bohemians and a large part of German farmers in Gregory
County who would be questioned about their patriotism by the 100 percent
America firsters.
They were different, but
they had a great driving force to show that they were not. In dealing with this
dilemma many adopted an attitude of “America First” and if you didn’t follow
the America first philosophy you were a traitor.
Many of those “firsters”
became Home Guards and super patriots. An attitude which even to this day
results in the blind following of our government leaders under the slogan,” my
country right or wrong”.
My heritage entertains a
different philosophy.
My great grandfather,
George Riley Knapp, was a commissary sergeant endearingly called a” bummer” who
fought with Sherman to the sea in the civil war. His commanding officer was
General Kilpatrick, not so lovingly called “Kilcavarly” by his troopers.
Sherman of course
scorched the earth of the south, marched his army of 90,000 men over 600 miles
to Savannah thence north to Appomattox, a campaign in which he lost only 600
men. In the war over all in which 620, 000. soldiers were killed.
In my home town of
Madison SD a group of “Home guard super patriots had captured a conscientious
objector and were in the process of tar and feathering him when he was rescued
by the old cavalry civil war veteran who taking charge of him promised to shoot
any sob who interfered That was my great grandfather at 88 years of age
My mother’s father was
all German. Like most German farmers he was successful. During WW1 the local
Hutchinson county draft board headed by a young Irish attorney drafted every
hired man he hired. The local attorney’s office was painted yellow by
grandfather’s son. Needless to say the son was sent on the next train to Camp
Funston and the local attorney, being a super patriot, continued to draft those
who showed German sympathy
Now that you know where
my sympathies lie let me tell you my story of Rosebud lawyers during the Great
War.
Much of Dakota, including
the Rosebud, was settled by German farmers.
How could they be loyal
Americans if they spoke German?
Governor Norbeck had a
problem on his hands. It was two fold.
Not only were these
farmers hard working and successful they were German and they had become a
segment of the population that was ripe for membership in the Non Partisan
League.
What to do.
Dealing with the German
language problem was easy.
Norbeck had appointed a
“South Dakota Council of Defense” and that body had appointed councils of
defense in every county. There was no statutory authorization giving the
Governor such power. That didn’t bother not least of the entire attorney’s of
the Rosebud.
The State council of
Defense on June 1, 1918 passed an order: Prohibiting the use of the German
language in public or quasi public meetings also in all educational
institutions. They also passed a resolution
“which prohibits the use of the German language to assemblages of three
or more persons upon any public street , in depots, upon trains, in public
places of business except in cases of extreme emergency, such as death, severe
illness , fire, or call for police.”
A question of permits to
allow the speaking of German was left to the local County councils of defense.
Unchecked, the local
cities such as Bone steel, Herrick, Burke, and Gregory with the queen city of
the Rosebud, Dallas leading the way established their own Home Guards.
Here is how Gregory
County Council dealt with the German language problem.
Gregory County News-
Dallas SD August 22, 1918
‘Wm Haight, proprietor of
what has been termed the pro German store in Gregory, was next on the carpet.
It was shown that customers were allowed to talk all the German they pleased in
the store and a consequence the loyal citizens of Gregory were becoming
incensed over this flagrant abuse of the Council of Defense order.
It was shown that the
property was in danger of destruction and that the personal safety of Haight
demanded some kind of action by the council of defense. It was finally decided,
Haight agreeing, that the store be closed, and the stock and the store is now
in charge of Deputy Sheriff Huston”
Not to be outdone,
Fairfax convened a meeting the Council of Defense as reported by the Dallas
Gregory County News on Sept 5, 1918.
At such meeting numerous
persons were brought before and examined relative to speaking German in public.
The following persons
were given an opportunity to donate $25 to the Red Cross and chip in to defray
the cost of the proceeding after promising not to speak German again.
Fred Witmus, Jacob
Forman,Alberet Kreuger, Mike Diez,Fred Benz,Geo Ellwanger,Dan Schlacht and
Jacob Kosh.
The local Lutheran pastor
was called before the board and accused of holding holiday services in
German. Silent night (Stille Nacht) had
even been sung in its original German A charge which he admitted together with
admitting that he had kept a picture of the Kaiser in his study until his son
destroyed it.
Mrs. Peter Stelle was
charged with exploiting her German sympathy A cherished likeness of the Kaiser
and his sons was presented to the council and turned over to the Fairfax Home
guards for appropriate action.
The problem of foreign
language and parochial education did not disappear with the end of the war.
None of our erstwhile
Rosebud lawyers question the right to limit free speech. For that matter the
South Dakota lawyers, with few exceptions, made any objection.
In 1922 five states
including South Dakota closed any loopholes in previous laws forbidding teaching
in public or private schools in any language other than English.
The Missouri synod of the
Lutheran Church and a Polish Catholic parish of South Omaha appealed to the
Supreme Court of Nebraska where they were rejected and thereafter appealed to
the US Supreme Court in the case of Nebraska v Meyer
On June 4 1923 the US
Supreme Court ruled that such foreign language prohibition in schools was
unconstitutional
Of significance was a
further ruling by the US Supreme Court in 1925 declaring an Oregon law passed
at the instigation of the KKK and Masonic bodies unconstitutional? The law
required that all children between the age of 8 and 16 receive a public
education
Thus the Supreme Court
brought to an end the movement to impose legal restrictions on the use of
foreign languages
The imposition of such
language restrictions had been championed by “super patriots, xenophobes,
champion of public school education, and later such organizations as the
American Legion and Masonic Orders”
In fact the students of
Yankton high school were highly praised when they threw all the German language
books in the Missouri River as they sang the Star Spangled Banner.
Thus did the Supreme
Court clarify and enlarge American freedom.
Now these local Home
Guards took their work very seriously. In August of 1918 “Major” A.T. Ware of
the Dallas home guards printed this Notice “
I have received Orders
from General Crowder to make immediate report on the home guard organization
under my command. It is now compulsory duty for every man of draft age (18 to
65) to drill a certain number of hours in each week. In pursuant to that order
I hereby command all men draft age to be present at the Armory in Dallas,
Friday evening August 30”
If you think that these
fellas didn’t exercise their authority over the general public consider this:
In the Dallas paper of
October 10, 1918 they printed the following notice:
Whereas, it has been
called to the attention of the Executive Committee of the Gregory County
Council of Defense that various and in some instances exorbitant prices are
being asked by cornhuskers, and
Whereas after
investigation of the prices being for such labor in other areas of this state
as well as adjoining portions of
Nebraska , it is
ORDERED
That a price of not to
exceed 10cents per bu be paid for corn husking where the yield per acre exceeds
35 bu and where it exceed 25bu the price shall not exceed 9c per bu
HS Jarvis
J.F Frame Secretary
J.F. Frame was a local
Burke attorney would later be appointed a Circuit Judge of the 11th
circuit.
Non Partisan League and
Home Guards
Independent party
affiliation was not new to South Dakota.
In its first statehood
election Republicans had 34,497 votes, Democrats 18,484 and Independent s
24,591. As shown by the race for Governor
In fact the Independent
vote was far more than the
Democrat vote until a Fusion Candidate, Andrew E Lee, was elected in 1898 The Independent Party was disbanded and
Republicans returned to power with a
two to one vote over Democrats s in 1902
This continued until the
uprising by voters which resulted in the formation of the Non Partisan League.
Don’t forget that women could not vote until 1920 nor were Indians allowed to
vote.
In 1916 the right of
Women to vote in SD was denied 58,000 to 53,000
Peter Norbeck elected in
1916, setting the stage for his “Home Guard” extra judicial appointments.
In the 1918 election
Norbeck 51,175
Dem 17,858
Ind 26,380
Constitutional amendments
passed which were parts of the NPL agenda
Granted suffrage to women
Permitting State to mine
and sell coal
Authorized state to
engage in works of internal improvement
Contract for state
indebtedness for internal improvement
Empowered state to engage
in hydro-electric development
Allow State to
manufacture and sell cement
Allow State to engage and
sell hail insurance
Allow State to own and
operate elevators, warehouses, flour mills and packing plants.
Enactment of Richards’s
primary law
The Reps and Dem were
scared stiff of the NPL.
In 1920 NPL out polled
Deems and in 1922 the combined vote of Deems and NPL was 20,000 votes more than
the elected Rep Governor.
By 1922 NPL became known
as the farmer Labor party and by 1926 with the election of Democrat lawyer Bill
Bulow the NPL was dead.
Bulow, a graduate of
Michigan law school, started proactive with Joe Kirby in Sioux Falls and later
moved to Bereford South Dakota
Bulow would later serve two
terms as United States Senator, and Tom Berry .a West River cowboy. (Father of
Baxter Berry, who you will hear about later when Georg e and a young Rick
Johnson with help from Sam Masten defended him in a notorious murder trial)
succeeded Bulow as governor.
Bulow was
known as a cracker-box humorist and a bull's-eye tobacco spitter, drawling,
beaked Bulow won the moniker of "Silent Bill" by speaking on the
Senate floor only six times in two terms.
List of characters Home
Guard
County Council in Gregory
in Gregory county led by J.R. Cash with P.J. Donahue and J.F. Frame as members.
Prominent lawyers all J.R. Cash would later be appointed Circuit Judge by
Norbeck. P.J. Donohue was a noted orator
and father of Parnell and J/F. Frame would also become a Circuit Judge.
Cash became a notorious
sentence. Arlo Horst, proprietor of Arlo’s bar in Mission was sentenced to 10
years for statutory rape. This at a time when the SD Federal judge considered
statutory rape on the reservation “as a mere social indiscretion”
Rosebud Bar legend has it
that when Judge Cash asked Arlo if he had anything to say, Arlo looked up and
said “You are awfully free with my fucking time.”
Opie Chambers of Dallas
was the most prominent and outspoken member of the Dallas Home guards. along
with Jury, McLain and OM Sinclair, SE Lindley,
Protest against the Non
Partisan League erupted in Gregory County in the Spring of 1918
Considering the NPL’s
entire platform was passed by the enactment of the Constitution provisions
Norbeck and his Democrat adversaries knew they were in serious trouble with the
electorate.
They immediately embarked
on a program of tying the SD NPL to be the arm of German sympathizers and were
not 150% true Americans.
(Sound familiar?)
No place did it become
more apparent than right here on the opened portion of the Rosebud.
Notwithstanding he had no
statutory authorization to do so .Norbeck established a State Council of
Defense which appointed County wide Councils and in turn each city on the
Rosebud had its own Council of Defense.
The Rosebud became the
focal point of the fight between the powers that be against the intrusion of the NPL into their
political bailiwick
In early March of 1918 an
altercation between the Home guards and the organizers of the NPL occurred in
Gregory.
The NPL men were
attacked, their luggage sacked and rummaged and they were forced out of town to
Burke where they were jailed overnight and placed on the train the following
morning to Sioux City and told not to get off until they were out of South
Dakota.
While there are different
versions to the events perhaps the statement given by Opie Chambers in the
Gregory paper of March 21st makes the point of mob rule most effectively.
He stated that they
confiscated the papers of the NPL organizers and what they found proves how
unpatriotic they really were.
All who examined the NPL
pamphlet found it to be seditious
Quoting from the pamphlet
Opie Chambers related:
“We therefore urge before proceeding further in support of
our European allies, insist that they, in common with it, make immediate public
declaration of terms of peace , without annexation of territory,
indemnification, contributions or interference with the right of any nation to
live and manage its own affairs, thus being in harmony with and supporting the new
democracy in Russia in her declaration of these fundamental principle”
“To conscript men and exempt the blood stained wealth coined
from the suffrage of humanity is repugnant to the spirit of America and
contrary to the ideals of democracy”
“We declare freedom of speech to be the bulwark of human
liberty, and we decry all attempts to muzzle the public press or individuals
upon any pretext whatsoever. A declaration of War does not repeal the
Constitution of the US, and the unwarranted interference of the military and
other authorities with the rights of individuals must cease.”
“While engaged in righteous war against German imperialism
why should the United States aid England (help) any other country in their
imperialist designs?”
“Let us drag these questions out before the whole world and
settle them before the bar of public opinion. If the German people and
government are now willing to settle this war on the basis of the demands of
our government, we should no longer continue to war.”
“We cannot know that we are not sending our young, strong
capable men to die in the trenches not for democracy, but for imperialism,
unless the things for which they fight be explicitly specified.”
Shall we deny to the patriotic young men, the flower of our
nation, who go to suffer and die in foreign lands the reason for which they
die?”
A free press and freedom of speech are the bulwarks of human
liberty. Rights surrendered may never be regained; Therefore no attempt to
muzzle the public pres or individual upon any pretext whatsoever should be
permitted. A declaration of war does not repeal the constitution of the US and
the unwarranted interference of the military and other authorities with the
right of individuals must cease. It is the duty of those remaining to defend
these rights, not for themselves only, but also in the interest of the
patriotic youth battling in foreign lands, in order that they shall not have
fought in vain”
Here’s what the chairman
of the Gregory Council of Defense stated”
“After such positive proof of disloyalty on the part of the
organizers and sedition on the part of the founders and controllers of such
organization, it is feared that any attempt to hold meetings to further the
work of the organization in Gregory County will result in riot and bloodshed,
and acting in the interest of America and for law and order I, Opie Chambers,
Chairman of the Council of Defense for Gregory County , South Dakota, do hereby
order that no more public meeting of said National Non Partisan league be
permitted in said county and that no
organizers for said NNPL be permitted to solicit subscriptions in said county ,
and I further direct each local or precinct chairman of said Council of Defense
to see to it that no meetings of said league be held and no solicitors of said
league operate in Gregory County, and I charge and direct the officers and
members of the home guard in the said county of Gregory to see that any person or persons attempting
to hold public meetings under the name of the Nonpartisan League or any of its
known branches, be arrested and the I or whoever may be acting for me at my
office in Dallas, be notified, and that
said party or parties be held until appropriate action may be taken.
Signed Opie Chamber County Chairman of Council of Defense.
March 16, 1918.
GOVERNOR NORBECK CAMES TO
GREGORY COUNTY ROARING LIKE A GALLOWAY BULL
Norbeck deposed Chambers
the following May and appointed H.H. Jarvis a Herrick Lawyer, as Defense
chairman.
In late March Chambers
has issued announcement that if the NPL persisted in organizing and holding
meetings in Gregory County he would not be responsible for riots and that there
would be killings.
He Proclaimed:
“I have issued an order
that no more: public meetings of The NPL will be held in Gregory County”
Dated March 15, 1918.
Notwithstanding his
firing by Norbeck Chambers continued to speak at meetings around the county
promising that he would break the law and lead mobs to break up NPL meeting not
matter what.
The NPL and Gregory
county had reached national attention.
President Wilson and
Secretary of War Baker issued a proclamation denouncing the mob violence.
Norbeck attended a
meeting where A.L. Putnam, a NPL candidate for Lt Gov attempted to question
him. About the proclamation
One paper reported:
“Putnam did not have a
chance put the question to the governor. No Galloway Bull ever bellowed more
lustily than Governor Norbeck. He bounced up and down and pawed the air”
Where were the supporters
of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights when all of this was happening? Where
were the lawyers who are trusted with protecting our basic rights?
Where was J.R. Cash P.J. Donohue >JF Frame?
In May of 1918 Milo
Sonner a farmer living a few miles south of St Charles
was hauled before a
Bonesteel Council of Defense kangaroo court presided over by J.R. Cash, local
attorney, and faced charges involving his solicitation of membership in the
NPL.
P.J. Donahue a democrat
lawyer was placed in charge of Sonner’s prosecution.
Cash’s secretary, soon to
be his wife, was made the court reporter.
Needless to say Sonner
was found guilty of something or other and ordered to use the money he had
collected for membership in the NPL to buy War saving stamps.
Affidavits were
afterwards filed which stated:
On March 12th,
1918 Sonner and a Mr. Nellermoe were holding a NPL rally at a hall in Herrick.
The hall was entered by a
Mr. A Zorba and a mob of 20 persons (including Tom Hoy, ancestor of Tex Hoy,
who would give warning to Sonner) who ordered and then threw Sonner and
Nellermoe out of the hall and busted up the meeting.
Mrs.Sonner was also at
the meeting and in attempting to help her husband stated that she was more
patriotic than Zorba since she had a brother in the trenches in France.
Zorba wheeled, grabbed
her by the arm and told her; “that if she had a brother in the US Army he was
there as a German spy.”
Thus two of the leading
lawyers in town found Sonner Guilty, made him buy Liberty Stamps and never
bothered to do anything to the mob which had forcibly broken up the meeting.
Oh yes- J.R Cash would
become Circuit Judge and his wife Claudia, would become his court reporter.
P.J. Donahue would raise
a son, Parnell, who would become Attorney General of SD.
The clashes
continued;-lawsuits were filed in federal court-suing Chambers and his cohorts.
Finally Norbeck acted
(One month before WW! Armistice)
Four seven months mob
violence had reigned on the Rosebud.
On Wednesday afternoon on
October 9th, 1918 Governor Norbeck made a special trip to Bonesteel
to guarantee law and order for a meeting to be addressed by candidates that had
been endorsed by the NPL
The Governor first went
to the Sheriff and told him he wanted him to uphold law and order and that the
governor meant what he said.
The Governor then went to
the Bonesteel Home guards and told them that the NPL League meeting would be
held and there would not be another mob outrage in Gregory County.
And there wasn’t
Six husky Sanborn county
farmers had escorted the NPL candidate for governor to Bonesteel where they
were met by Gregory county farmer supporters
They had 100 farmer
protectors and they drove on to Bonesteel. where they found the hall too small
and went to the fairground and used the grandstand for their meeting.
Norbeck went even further
he told the Sheriff and 8 deputized Home Guard to accompany the NPL candidates
at another meeting in Dixon.
At the meeting a crowd of
the Opie Chambers people gathered outside the hall. The Sheriff then rose and
deputized everyone in the hall as his deputy-strode outside and told the mob
what he had done The mob silently crept away
At the meeting in Winner,
the Tripp county Sheriff told the gathered mob they could go straight to
hell. Instead they sat in the audience
an acted like good citizens and listened to the speaker.
Thus did the mob rule come
to a whimpering end- and the end of the war itself would soon follow.
In the peace process that
would follow America would find out that its European allies weren’t much
interested in making the world safe for democracy.
End
notes
#1
Searching over 5,500,000 cases.
JOHN FIRE v. CITY OF WINNER
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF SOUTH DAKOTA
Official citation and/or docket number and
footnotes (if any) for this case available with purchase.
December 18, 1972
chris colombe was a
familiar inhabitant of tripp
co. an rosebud. the
first colombe family to america was jean baptiste colombe. he ws born in alsac
lorraine.he went westward working for the hudson bay co, an finally became us marshal at denver. he
met an married pretty josette dorion, a girl who was part french/sioux. the
dorion name was highly respected in the missouri valley, pierre dorion being
the oldest fur trader in this region. they built their home on an island called
colombe isl. near whetstone creek and became parents of a large family. their
children were; JOHN.CHRIS,DAVE,WILLIAM,MINNIE(hicks),KENNY(mullen)JOSETTE(brandon) AN EMILY (tradeLL)
the name jean baptiste was americanized to john baptiste colombe, easier for
the neighbors to accept.this family had the traits of their alsatian forbears,
tempered by the sioux blood of their grandmother, and had strong family
ties.many people today have ties to the family in s.d.as the children grew up
they also became active in affairs of the rosebud and intermarriage witht he
people of this new country.john married lizzie reeves: their children were
louise mary (KOCH) , john w, jennie9AISNLEE) an two boys who
died in infancy.he also raised an adopted son, chris patterson, known as buck
colombe. chris, perhaps the best known-founded the town of colombe, was a good
friend of the jackson brothers, and has been described in tripp
county golden anniversary
book about early homesteaders. his children were,ted,birdie,(MC MURRAY) an grace(RITTS).Eds chidren were,
joe,ed,chris,carl,sally,josephine an tommie.
dave married alice moran an later her sister amy.by his first wife he had 4
girls, minnie,susie,lilly an mabel.by his wife amy he had dave,velma,
ruby,leona,fred,lester,eileen.
william married annie courtis, dau of a well known english rancher. his
children were,margaret,marvyn,hilda,an william.
minnie married wm hicks of akron ohio.their family conisted of one son.wm an
four girls,ruth ,josette,jennie,viola.jennie lso called mr mullen had six
children, three died in infancy.others were, john,amy, norah.
josephine,also called josette married bill brandon a scotsman who lived at
brandon springs until their home burned down. chidren; HOWARD,HARRY,ALVINA(
houston) ROY,JOHN, ELMER AN ETHYL,ALEC.
EMILY MARRIED LEVITRUDELL. CHIDREN: mabel,alice,hattie,
emily,christina,levi,david an wallace an twowho died in infancy.